Amelanchier ( am -? - LAN -sheer ), also known as shadbush , shadwood or shadblow , serviceberry or sarvisberry , or just sarvis , juneberry , saskatoon , sugarplum or wild-plum , and chuckley pear is a genus of about 20 species of leaves leafy shrubs and small trees in the Rose family (Rosaceae).
Amelanchier is a native of the Northern Hemisphere, growing primarily in the early habitat of succession. It is the most taxonomically diverse in North America, especially in the northeastern United States and adjacent southeastern Canada, and at least one native species from every US state except Hawaii and every province and territory of Canada. Two species also occur in Asia, and one in Europe. The taxonomic classification of shadbushes has long puzzled botanists, horticulturalists, and others, as suggested by the range in the number of recognized species in the genus, 6-33, in the two most recent publications. The main source of complexity comes from the occurrence of hybridization, polyploidy and apomixis (the production of asexual seeds), making species difficult to characterize and identify.
Various species of Amelanchier grow up to 0.2-20 m; some of which are small trees, some are multistemed, shrubs that form clumps, and others form large small bushes (clones). The skin is gray or less often brown, and in species of fine trees or fissuring when old. The leaves fall, cauline, alternately, simple, lancet to ellipse to orbiculate, 0.5-10 x 0.5-5.5 cm, thin to coriacea, with surfaces above glabrous or tomentose dense when flowering, and hairy or more hairy underneath. maturity. Inflorescence is a terminal, with 1-20 flowers, erect or sagging, either in groups of one to four flowers, or in racemes with 4-20 flowers. The flowers have five white (rarely pink, yellow, or red stripes), linear for orbiculate petals, 2.6-25 mm long, with petals in one species ( A. Nantucketensis ) often andropetalous ( microsporangia apical adaxially pads). The flowers appear in early spring, "when shad run" according to North American tradition (leading to names like "shadbush"). The fruit is a berry-like pion, red to almost black purple at maturity, 5-15 mm in diameter, tasteless for a delicious sweet, maturing in summer.
Amelanchier plants are valued in horticulture, and their fruits are important for wildlife.
Video Amelanchier
Selected species
For North American species, the taxonomy follows Flora of North America ; for Asian species Flora of China ; and for one European species, Flora Europaea .
- Amelanchier alnifolia - Saskatoon serviceberry, alder-leaved shadbush, saskatoon, saskatoon berry, amà © Ã… © lanchier ÃÆ' feuilles d'aulne
- Amelanchier amabilis - Beautiful shadbush, amà © Å © lanchier gracieux
- Amelanchier arborea - Shadbush downy
- Amelanchier australis
- Amelanchier bartramiana - Mountain shadbush, amà © Å © lanchier de Bartram
- Amelanchier canadensis - Bilberry Eastern shadbush, Indian pear, amà © lanchier du Canada
- Amelanchier humilis - Low shadbush, amà © lanchier bass
- Interior Amelanchier - shadbush Wiegand, amà © Ã… © lanchier de l'intÃÆ'  © rieur
- Amelanchier laevis - Shadbush fine, Allegheny serviceberry, amà © Å © lanchier glabre
- Amelanchier nantucketensis - Nantucket serviceberry
- Amelanchier ovalis - Snowy Mespilus
- Sanguinea Amelanchier - Shadbush red-twigged, amà © Å © lanchier sanguin
- Amelanchier sinica - Chinese Serviceberry
- Amelanchier spicata - Shadbush bush, amà © à © lanchier en ÃÆ'  © pis
- Amelanchier stolonifera - Running Serviceberry
- Amelanchier utahensis - Utah serviceberry
Hybrid Park
Since the classification has varied considerably over the last century, species names are often used interchangeably in nursery trade. Some natural or horticultural hybrids also exist, and many of the A. arborea and A. canadensis plants offered for sale are in fact hybrids, or completely different species. A . ÃÆ'â € " grandiflora is another hybrid of the origin of the garden, between A. arborea and A. laevis . The cultivar 'La Paloma' has been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society of Garden Merit.
A taxon called Amelanchier lamarckii (or A. x lamarckii ) is widely cultivated and naturalized in Europe, where it was introduced in the 21st century, 17.. This is apomiktif, true breed of seed, and may be of hybrid origin, may descend from a cross between A. laevis and either A. arborea or A. canadensis . While A. lamarckii is known to be from North America, probably from eastern Canada, it is not known to occur naturally in the wild in North America.
Maps Amelanchier
Etymology
The origin of the generic name Amelanchier may be derived from amalenquiÃÆ'¨r, amelanchiÃÆ'¨r , the names of ProvenÃÆ'§al from Europe Amelanchier ovalis .
The name serviceberry is derived from the similarity of fruit to the related Europe Sorbus .
The fantastic etymology explains the name 'serviceberry' by noting that the blooming flowers on the time road in the Appalachian mountains are tolerable, allowing the preacher to ride the circuit to restart church services. A similar etymology says that the blooming serviceberry indicates that the soil has melted enough to dig a grave, so funeral services can be held for those who died in the winter when the only way to deal with a corpse is to let them freeze and wait for spring. These two strange etymologies can not be true because the term was attested to both the British and the New World species at the beginning of the 16th century, long before the British settlement of North America, and the serviceberry was far from unique in bloom at the beginning of the year.
Juneberry refers to the fruits of a particular species that matures in June. The name saskatoon comes from the noun Cree misÃÆ' Â ¢ skwatÃÆ'Â'mina ( eg? Skwat? Mina , misaaskwatoomina ) for Amelanchier alnifolia . The city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan is named after this plant.
Shadberry refers to shad walking on certain New England rivers, which generally occur when the trees bloom.
Ecology
Amelanchier is the preferred plant for finding deer and rabbits, and heavy search pressure can suppress natural regeneration. Caterpillars such as Lepidoptera as sulfur moths, brown tails, gray daggers, mottled spots, rough prominent, satellites, winter moths, purple red and purple white (both Limenitis arthemis ), as well as a variety of other herbivorous insects eat Amelanchier. Many insects and diseases that attack the garden trees also affect this genus, especially stem borers and Gymnosporangium rust. In the years when the late Amelanchier flowers overlapped with wild roses and thorn bushes, bees can spread bacteria fireballs.
Use and cultivation
The fruits of some species are very good to eat raw, tastes a bit like blueberries, very accented by the taste of almonds. Selection of Amelanchier alnifolia has been selected for fruit production, with several named cultivars. Other cultivars appear to be derived from hybridization between A. alnifolia and A. stolonifera . Propagation is by seed, division, and grafting. Serviceberries graft easily so that grafts to other genera, such as Crataegus and Sorbus , are often successful.
The fruit is harvested locally for pies and jams. The saskatoon berry is commercially harvested. One version of American native food was spiced by serviceberry fruits combined with chopped dried meat and fat.
The wood is brown, hard, covered, and heavy. The porch wood is reddish-brown, and the sapwood is brighter. It can be used for tool handles and fishing rods. Native Americans use it for the arrow shaft. The members of the Pit River tribe will use wood to make some kind of body armor, put it into heavy cloaks or coats and corset armor worn during the battle.
Garden history
Some species are very popular ornamental shrubs, planted for their flowers, bark, and fall colors. All require similar conditions to grow well, require good drainage, air circulation (to prevent leaf disease), watering during the dry season, and suitable soil for the species.
George Washington planted the Amelanchier specimens on his property, Mount Vernon, in Virginia.
References
External links
- Juneberry , in What Am I Eating? Food Dictionary
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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