In Digital Video Broadcasting, The Public Interface (also called DVB-CI ) is a technology that allows decryption of paid TV channels. Pay TV stations want to select the encryption method used. The Public interface allows TV manufacturers to support many different pay-TV stations, allowing to install CAM modules that can be redeemed for various encryption schemes.
The General Interface is a connection between a TV tuner (TV or set-top box) and a module (CAM) that decrypts a TV signal. The CAM module, in turn, then receives a pay-to-view customer card, which contains access keys and permissions.
The host (TV or set-top box) is responsible for tuning to pay for TV channels and demodulation of RF signals, while CAM is responsible for CA descrambling. The General interface allows them to communicate with each other. All Common Interface equipment must comply with EN 50221-1997 standard. This is a set standard that allows the addition of a conditional access module (CAM) in a DTV receiver to match it to different types of cryptography. The EN 50221 specification allows many types of modules but only conditional access modules (CAM) have found popularity due to the pay-TV market. Indeed, one of the major strengths of Digital Video Broadcasting is the option to implement the required conditional access capabilities in the Common Interface.
This allows broadcasters to use modules that contain solutions from different suppliers, thus increasing their anti-piracy options.
Video Common Interface
Operation mode
The DVB receiver may have one or two slots implementing the Common Interface (CI). The CI uses a conditional access-conditional access connector (PCMCIA) and conforms to the Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA), which specifies that the receiver should be able to receive a DES (Data Encryption Standard) key within a few millisecond intervals, and use it to decode private channels according to certain algorithms.
The algorithm is owned by each supplier. Each uses their own algorithm and there is no standard set for them.
When the full MPEG-2 transport data stream comes out of the demodulator, and the error correction unit, the DTV Receiver sends it through the card plugged into the Common Interface, before being processed by the MPEG demultiplexer in the receiver. If multiple CI cards are present, the MPEG transport data stream will be forwarded sequentially through all these cards.
The embedded CAM may not be physically present, as it may be in the CPU software. In such cases, only smart card readers are usually installed in CAM rather than PCMCIA type CI slots.
Even if the Common Interface has been created to solve the cryptographic problem, it can have other functions using other module types such as Web Browser, iDTV (Interactive Television), and so on.
In Europe, DVB-CI is required in all iDTV terminals. The host sends an encrypted MPEG transport stream to CAM and CAM sends back decrypted transport back to the host. CAM often contains smart card readers. Maps Common Interface
Standard
DVB-CI
The normative DVB-CI standard EN 50221 was defined in 1997 by CENELEC, the European Committee for Elektrotechnical Standardization.
According to General Interface scheme:
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- host Ã,: The device on which the module (s) can be connected; for example, Integrated receiver/decoder (IRD), VCR, PC...
- module Ã,: The small device, not working by itself, is designed to perform host-specific tasks; for example, conditional access sub-systems, electronic program guide application modules, or to provide resources required by the application but not provided directly by the host.
The specification only defines two aspects, two logical interfaces to be entered on the same physical interface. The first interface is MPEG-2 Transport Stream. Links and physical layers are defined in this specification and higher layers are defined in the MPEG-2 specification. The second interface, the command interface, carries the command between the host (receiver) and module.
The specification does not define the operation or functionality of the conditional access system application in the module. Applications that can be performed by modules communicating across the interface are not limited to conditional access or are described in this specification. More than one module can be supported simultaneously.
The common interface shares many features of PC Card Standard (PCMCIA). By reducing address width and data bus, it is possible to include two-way parallel transport flow interfaces.
Command Interface
In addition there is a command interface for communication between host and module.
This communication is in the form of a stack of layered protocols that allow hosts and modules to share resources . For example, the module can request the current date and time from the host. To use this service, the module must open the session to the "Date-Time" source provided by the host. Alternatively, the module can prompt the host to display a message on the TV screen and then be able to read keystrokes from the remote control of the host. This is done by opening the session to the Man-Machine Interface (MMI) Resource host. This resource also allows CAM to request and receive a PIN number.
Some are defined by optional de facto DVB-CI resources. For example, a host can load a modem for communication over a phone line that allows CAM to implement pay-per-view. This can be done by opening a session to guide Low-Speed ​​communication Communication (LSC) (assuming that the host announces the availability of this resource). Host Control resources (allowing CAM to request forced tuning) may also not exist in some hosts.
The exact mandatory resources are the Resources Manager, Application Information, and Conditional Access Support. The first two of the three are required for initial handshaking between the CAM and its Host, while the CA Support resources are required to descrambling the selected channel.
The Command interface can be expanded and there are some available specification documents that describe this extension (eg ETSI TS 101 699). But these extensions often do not prove popular with manufacturers.
CI
Definitions
CI (also known as CI Plus or Common Interface Plus ) is a specification that extends the original DVB-CI, v1 standard DVB. The main addition introduced by CI is the copy protection form between CI conditional access modules (referenced by the specification as CICAM , while CI CAM seems to be a shorthand more appropriate) and the television receiver (Host). CI is compatible with DVB-CIv1. Old television receivers, which have CI-CI1 slots, can be used with CI CAM and vice versa, but to view only TV programs that are not marked as CI protected.
History
Initial version
CI specifications have been developed by Panasonic, Philips, Samsung and Sony consumer electronics companies, as well as the pay-TV technology company SmarDTV and fabless Neotion chip makers.
The first draft of the specification is prepared for review in January 2008 as a V1.00 CI Plus Specification. The establishment of a Trusted Authority has been completed and a designated official safety certification laboratory.
In 2009, versions 1.1 and 1.2 were released. Version 1.2 became the first to be deployed on a large scale. Key features added to the original DVB-CI standard by CI V1.2 are:
- Content Control (enabling re-encryption of in-stream video and audio from CI CAM to host)
- coordinate CAM firmware upgrade between CAM and its host
- "CI Plus browser" - MHEG-5 application support running on CI host, launched by CI CAM and able to communicate with it
- IP communications support is added to the DVB-CI Low-Speed ​​Communications (LSC) resource (but without changing its name to "High Speed").
Specs does not state explicitly about each feature if it is mandatory or optional. A compulsory feature (due to actual raison d'ÃÆ'ªtre from CI) is Content Control. The optional feature of version V1.2 is "PVR Resource" - this can be inferred from the fact that it does not appear in newer CI specification versions.
CI v1.3
In 2011, version 1.3.1 was released. Key features added by CI V1.3.1 to CI V1.2 are:
- various enhancements from the Content Control mechanism
- Coordinate handling of parental control PIN code between CAM and its host
- better IP communications support (increased data throughput)
- VOD Support
- a new Operator Profile source that allows CAM to customize non-standard broadcasting service information to a standard DVB format that Host can understand.
CI v1.4
With CI development, standards have now come under the umbrella of the DVB standards organization In 2014, DVB released the ETSI TS 103 205 V1.1.1 specification, defining what is commonly referred to as "CI v1.4". Key features added by ETSI TS 103 205 V1.1.1 to CI v1.3.1 are:
- multi-tuner support
- URI (extension usage information) (most notable is the addition of trick mode enable/disable flags)
- Support video submitted via IP
- watermarking and transcoding capabilities
- extended communication functions to support IP multicast and hybrid communication types (hybrid communication means here that IP multicast data arrives to the module via the transport flow interface)
- CI Plus (TM) browser extension (channel interaction, streaming, video scale, etc.)
- allows CI CAM to determine whether the host supports advanced application environments (such as HbbTV or MHP) and, if yes, to launch the appropriate application
- allows the CI CAM app to be represented in the Host channel channel in the form of a virtual channel.
CI v2.0
The DVB standards organization announced its work on version 2.0 of the DVB CI specification. The main evolution of this version is to add USB as a physical layer to replace the old PC Card interface.
Certification
CI Host and CAM testing and certification performed by Eurofins Digital Testing (formerly Digital TV Labs) in Belgium, UK and Hong Kong
Content protection
By utilizing certificates issued by a trusted certification authority, a secure authenticated channel (SAC) is established between CI CAM and TV receiver (Host). This SAC is used to generate a unique, shared key per CAM-Host pair, which protects against unauthorized copying of flagged content in the associated URI (Rules Terms Info) as content that needs to be re-encrypted on the way from CAM Host after deletion of CA or DRM randomization original (in the original CI standard, decryption content can be sent via PCMCIA interface only in non-scrambled form).
Revocation
The standard CI allows removal of the compromised Host CI. This is done by broadcasting the Service Operator Certificate Revocation List (SOCRL) in the DSM-CC data carousel. If CAM detects that its Host ID, model or brand is listed in SOCRL (and is not listed in the optional SOCWL - Whitelist Service Provider Certificate), CAM must reject descrambling of content marked with CI URI as protected. SOCRL is created and signed by CI Root-of-Trust upon request from the Service Operator. To prevent unsuitable SOCRL and SOCWL playback, they must be broadcast along with the RSD (Revocation Data Revocation) table that determines the final version of SOCRL and SOCWL and its location in the DSM-CC data carousel. RSD should also be signed.
Enhanced MMI
The CI-compatible Hosts should also implement the MHEG-5 interactive TV engine to manage user navigation in interactive TV applications, using its remote control device. Support from an interactive TV MHP or HbbTV TV is optional.
Operator (partial list)
The following operators have now launched CI support or are planning to do so:
- Albania
- Digitalb
- Digital Tring
- Bulgaria
- Blizoo - launching CI in 2014
- Belgium
- Telenet - launching CI in June 2013
- VOO - launched CI in September 2015
- Croatia
- evotv - launches CI v1.3
- French
- Channels - launches the "Channel Ready" label for devices that can receive channel Channels
- Germany
- HD,
- Cable Deutschland,
- KBW,
- Sky Deutschland,
- Tele Columbus
- Italy
- Premium Mediaset (digital Terrestrial Television) - requires a CI slot on HD television to shuffle High Definition Premium Calcio HD channels.
- Luxembourg
- Eltrona
- Netherlands
- Caiway - launched CI in October 2009
- Delta NV - launched CI in 2010
- Cable Noord - launching CI in 2010
- Ziggo - launched CI in September 2009 (2011 in previous UPC area), SMiT and Neotion CAM modules used
- Poland
- Cyfrowy Polsat
- UPC Poland
- Vectra
- Romania
- UPC Romania - launching CI in April 2012
- RCS & amp; RDS - Starting November 2013
- Russia
- Akado TV
- Spanish
- Goal TelevisionÃÆ'³n
- AXN
- Sweden
- Boxer
- Com Hem
- Switzerland
- UPC Cablecom - Starting June 2010
- Turkey
- D-Smart
- TeledÃÆ'¼nya
- United Kingdom
- Top Up TV
In July 2009, the largest cable operator in the Netherlands, Ziggo, announced that it would support the integrated Digital TV Integrated TV (IDTV) series based on CI. In September 2009 the first batch of 15,000 SMiT (Shenzhen State Micro Technology Co., Ltd.) CI CAM was offered by various Dutch retailers, followed in October 2009 by the first batch of Neotion CAM. Other supporters include Canal, and conditional access companies, Irdeto and Conax. In 2009, NDS (now Cisco) announced that it will support Deutschland Cable to deploy CI to its customers. In 2014, CI CAM with Cisco VideoGuard CA, produced by SMiT deployed in D-Smart, KDG (Cable Deutschland), KBW, Sky Deutschland, Tele Columbus etc.
Set compatible TV (partial list)
- LG 2010 models of all LD and LE series are also MFT MXX80D models.
- Many of Samsung's new LCD, LED LCD and Plasma model variants with compatible CI motherboards, although there are some inconsistencies between TV and UPC and RCS-RDS CI modules, even with models certified by UPC and RCS-RDS. Some problems are solved by upgrading the TV firmware, others are solved only by replacing (in most cases under warranty) the motherboard.
- Many new Sony models include the Bravia W5500 series. Some older models require firmware updates.
- 5000 and 5000 Philips new LCD TVs (required firmware waiting according to Ziggo).
- The initial Panasonic model (as of early 2011) with the CI slot requires a new firmware to be fully compatible with CI. (Update 2010). All non-compliance issues are resolved with software and firmware updates, or sometimes by using CI cards or modules with other firmware. All models produced after the beginning of 2011 are fully compatible with CI.
- Some Tesco Technika models.
- Many Vestel-based TV sets. The newer Vestel-based TV sets mark the fact that they are CI certified in SHOP MODE (or DEMO MODE), which says, in addition to other features, CI compatibility (no DVB-T, DVB-C, DVB-S) issues, or just with stickers mounted on the front of the set. Sometimes, but in most cases, CI compatibility from the Vestel set is mentioned on the package, in addition to other key features.
Embedded Public Interface
The new ETSI work group will work on the Integrated General Interface (ECI).
See also
- Conditional access module (CAM)
- DVB-CPCM
- Free to view
- HDCP
- Television encryption
References
19. http://www.oceanbluesoftware.com/images/stories/documents/Articles_Publications/ci white paper.pdf
External links
- LinuxTV entries for common interface
- EN 50221 Description
- ETSI TS 101 699 - DVB Extension to General Interface Specification
- R206-001: 1998 - A Guide to the Implementation and Use of the Common Interface for DVB Decoder Applications
- Gerard O'Driscoll, Essential Guide to Digital Set-Box and TV Interactive , reprinted April 2000
- Jerry whitaker, Television Receiver , 2001
- DVB Consortium
- CENELEC
- CI Plus official website
- CI Plus Specs V1.2 (2009-04)
- CI Plus Specs V1.3.1 (2011-09)
- ETSI TS 103 205 V1.1.1 (aka CI V1.4)
- Official CI Plus TrustCenter
- The official CI Plus test lab
- Open source and open CI hardware implementation (Joker TV)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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