Federalist No. 68

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Federalist No. 68 is 68th Edition The Federalist Papers , and published on March 12, 1788. It was probably written by Alexander Hamilton under the pseudonym "Publius", the name in which all the Federalist Papers are published. Because everything is written under this pseudonym, who writes what can not be verified with certainty. Entitled " Presidential Electoral Mode ", No. 68 describes the perspective of the election process of the Chief Executive of the United States. In writing this essay, the author seeks to convince the New Yorkers of the benefits of the proposed Constitution. Number 68 is the second in a series of 11 essays that discuss the strengths and limitations of the Executive branch and the only ones explaining the method of presidential election.

Video Federalist No. 68

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Constitutional debates

Throughout the process, the US Constitutional Convention 1787 debated the method for choosing a president, trying to find a method that would be accepted by all agencies represented at the convention.

Different plans are proposed, including:

• "The Virginia Plan", proposed by Governor Edmund Randolph of Virginia (or perhaps James Madison), he called for Executive elections by the National Legislature ^{[1 ]}
• Elbridge Gerry proposes selection by state executives (ie, governors) ^[2]
• The New Jersey plan is similar to Randolph/Virginia's plan but is called for the possibility of multiple executives.
• Alexander Hamilton initially supported lifelong appointments for executives, in addition to a legislative branch that could potentially do the same. ^[3]

Interests of slave detention status

The interests of the slave-owner countries may influence the choice of Electoral College as a mode of presidential election. James Wilson proposed the use of direct elections by the people, but he did not get support for this idea, and it was decided that the president would be elected by Congress. When the entire draft Constitution was considered, Gouverneur Morris brought the debate back and decided he also wanted the people to elect the president. James Madison agrees that the election of people in general is the best way to elect the president, but he knows that the less populous slave states will have no effect under such a system, and he supports Electoral College. Another factor here is the so-called Three-Fifth Compromise, which provides additional strength to slave-owning countries under Electoral College that they would not have in any possible form of popular vote.

Maps Federalist No. 68

No Federalist. 68 described

Hamilton's understanding of Electoral College

Federalist No. 68 is a continuation of Alexander Hamilton's analysis of the presidency, in this case regarding the method of presidential election. Hamilton believes the advantage of the indirect electoral process described in Article II of Section 1 of the Constitution, although in the case of a bound vote in Electoral College, the House of Representatives is to make a choice.

Hamilton viewed the system as superior to direct elections. First, he acknowledges, "the sense of people should operate in choice", and will be through voters' elections to Electoral College. Second, the voters will:

"... men are best able to analyze the quality that is tailored to the station and act in favorable situations for consideration, and a wise combination of all the right reasons and persuasion to govern their choice."

Such people will be "most likely to have information and wisdom" to make good choices and to avoid the election of anyone "not in the leading level with the required qualifications."

Corruption of an election process is likely to arise from the desire of "foreign powers to gain undue power in our councils." To minimize the risk of foreign intrigue and encouragement, electoral colleges will only have "temporary presence" and no voters may be "senators, representatives, or other persons holding a place of trust or profit under the United States"; voters will make their choice in "separate situations", while existing pre-existing federal holder agencies "may be vandalized earlier to procure their votes".

Also, successful candidates for presidential positions must have different qualities to attract voters from many states, not just one or more countries:

"... Talent for low intrigue, and a bit of art of popularity, may be enough to elevate a man to the first honor in one State but will require another talent, and a different kind of reward, to build it up in the rewards and beliefs of the entire Union, or most of it will be necessary to make it a successful candidate for the office of the honorable President of the United States... "

Hamilton expressed his belief that:

It would not be too strong to say that there would be a constant possibility to see stations filled with prominent figures for ability and virtue.

Rules on Electors

Hamilton makes a list of specific rules for voters, which include:

• Voters only meet in their own special country to elect the president.
• No individual is "overly loyal to the President at work"
• No individual currently holding an elected position in government can function as a voter.

Vice Presidential Election

Hamilton noted that the election of the vice president should follow the same form as the presidential election, through selection by Electoral College, even though the Senate will handle voting in the case of the electoral draft. Hamilton also responded to criticism that the Senate should be empowered to elect a vice president rather than an Electoral College. Hamilton notes that there are two main arguments against it: first, that the power of the vice president as Senate President would mean that the Senate tiebreak would be bound to the Senate for his power, and therefore would not be able to make the necessary decisions as a tiebreaker without fear of being eliminated or retaliation; second, that the possibility of a vice president becoming president means that this individual must be elected by the people and the Electoral Assembly, since all powers granted to the president may fall into the hands of the vice-president.

The work referenced in Federalist. 68

^[4]

• "The most plausible of these, which appears in print" is the Federal Farmer's job reference (presumably Richard Henry Lee). At Electoral College, Federal Farmers accepted the Electoral College concept, finding that "The election of this official (vice president), as well as the President of the United States seems to be secured properly." [5]
• This passage, "For a form of government let a stupid contest, The best managed is the best," is paraphrase of Alexander Pope's An Essay On Man (Chapter 4, Epistle 3, part VI) ), which Hamilton uses to talk about the presidential election process as a model to produce good administration. In the Pope, "That is" replaced with "Whatever".

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Reaction to Federalist No. 68

The Anti-Federalist Papers

In Anti-Federalist Papers 72, an anonymous Republican author argues that problems with the Electoral College relate to the ability of the electorate, rather than the people, to elect the president. In his eyes, Electoral College deprives people of the ability to choose their leader, rather than delegating that right to a small number of individuals.

The authors further speculate, "Is it not possible, at least possible, that the president to be given with all these byomnipotents - is not elected by society; and consequently, like them, irresponsible and independent - - that he, I say, by some artful and dependable envoys in Congress, not only perpetuate his own personal administration, but also make it hereditary? " ^[6] Fear of the Party The Republic is a stronger hypothetical executive compared to Britain's George III.

Cato No. 4

Hamilton also defends against the claims made in Cato. 4, who claimed that "The establishment of a vice president is not necessary because it is dangerous [for them to lead in the Senate]". Madison gave two reasons for the vice president to become senate president. First, because he has only one voice, he is equal to the substituent. Also, in case the president dies, the vice president will know the concerns of Congress and the president, and thus be more prepared than anyone to take a position.

Political party

Hamilton, James Madison, and other designers of the electoral institute. Never expect the emergence of an organized political party will choose their candidates in competition with each other. In 1796, the Federalists and Republicans were quickly organized - with the leadership provided by Hamilton and Madison - making the election college a small, less important addition. A defect was discovered in 1800 when Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr both got the same number of voters, though Jefferson was the intended candidate. The defect was promptly fixed by the 12th Amendment to the US Constitution.

Modern positive reaction

The Constitution's process of electing the president and vice president has won praise as a system that is reasonably designed to run this election in the United States. Hamilton describes this system as, "if it is not perfect, it's at least good."

Modern negative reaction

There were also negative reactions that focused on 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016, all of which resulted in the second-placed candidate in popular vote winning a majority of votes in Electoral College.

Since the Electoral College process is defined in the US Constitution and subsequently 'perfected' in, it can only be further amended or annulled by subsequent amendments to the Constitution.

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Note

1. ^ Madison. June 13, 1787. p.Ã, 115 in Ohio U. Press edition
2. ^ Madison. June 9, 1787. p.Ã, 93
3. ^ Madison. June 18, 1787. p.Ã, 136
4. ^ The following referenced works are from Charles Kesler's note in Rossiter, Clinton ed. The Federalist Papers . Signet Classic. 2003. p.Ã, 622-623.
5. ^ Saves (2.8.29)
6. ^ from Anti-Federalist 72

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References

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Further reading

• Madison, James. Notes in the Debate in the Federal Convention 1787 . (the version used is from Ohio University Press, Athens, OH, 1961.)
• Rossiter, Clinton-ed. The Federalist Papers . Signet Classic. 2003.
• Saving, Herbert J ed., with Murray Dry. Comprehensive Anti-Federalist . University of Chicago Press. 1981.

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External links

• The Federalist's Text. 68: congress.gov
• Hamilton 68; A Dashboard tracks Russian propaganda on twitter, No. Federalist. 68 and Hamilton is namesake

Source of the article : Wikipedia