A clinical officer ( CO ) is a gazetted officer who provides medical care and care. Clinicians are qualified and authorized to practice medicine and perform general or specialized medical duties such as diagnosis and treatment of illness and injury, ordering and interpreting medical tests, performing routine medical and routine procedures, referring patients to other practitioners and managing health facilities, projects and systems.
The double diploma in clinical and surgical medicine is a gold standard entry level qualification for clinical officers and is a modern version of the first medical qualification awarded in early 1928 in pre-independence Kenya. The two certificates are awarded together as a diploma to complete nine 15-week study, practice, and examination courses, covered in three years leading to a 12-month compulsory internship at the education hospital that ends on enrollment. and issuance of practice licenses by state agencies.
The training is modeled after a four-year MD or DO medical education program in North America in exchange for a common six-year MBChB program in commonwealth countries. Therefore, clinical officers are able to graduate and join the workforce in at least four calendar years.
When confirmed, a registered clinician is entitled to provide medical or dental services on behalf of the government through a public or private medical institution established as well as on their own behalf as a private practitioner. In accordance with the revised Government Service Scheme for Clinical Workers (2014) a clinical officer works in one of 8 classes, depending on one's seniority.
A registered clinical officer has successfully completed a patient-focused intensive training program involving advanced courses, practices and practices supervised in all branches of biomedical, medical, surgical, pediatric, obstetrics and gynecology, pathology, pharmacology, and public health sciences (including services health management). Unlike nurses and physician assistants, clinicians are officers designated as legally authorized legal officers to prepare and sign medico-legal documents such as medical examination reports, ill records, postmortem inspection reports and death certificates on behalf of the state, and appear in court law as an expert witness. For this reason clinicians are responsible officers at a district health center or hospital and are part of a larger medical team in a hospital where a person can head a department or work under a senior clinician or doctor.
Video Clinical officer
Overview
To practice medicine and surgery or dentistry as clinical officers, it takes at least four years of full-time medical training, supervised clinical practice and internships at accredited medical training institutions and hospitals as well as registration with the relevant medical board in their country. After a few years of active practice, one can complete a one-to-two-year residency program to specialize in any approved clinical branch of medicine and surgery such as anesthesia or pediatrics, or obtain advanced medical qualifications from the university. There is no pathway (post-graduate or post-graduate entry program) for nurses and other health workers so it takes at least eight years of specialized medical training and experience for clinicians to graduate with post-primary qualifications. It should be noted, however, that "clinical officers" in some countries such as Tanzania and Zambia refer to different healthcare worker cadres, comparable to "medical assistants" in Malawi, who have less than three years of training but who can increase to the same level as become an Assistant Medical Officer (AMO) or Medical Licentiates (MLs). "Medical Assistant/Sub-Assistant Community Medical Officer" in Bangladesh, a Four-Year Medical Diploma Course that organizes a state-of-the-art medical faculty of Bangladesh under the Ministry of Health and welfare families.
No significant differences have been demonstrated in studies comparing treatment decisions, patient outcomes, quality of care provided and level of knowledge about diseases between clinicians and medical personnel (non-specialist physicians) except in countries where nurses are mistakenly assessed as clinical. officer. However, due to the nature of the practice, the population served and the resources at one's disposal, clinicians tend to manage expensive treatments, prescribe expensive (but not necessarily better) medicines or engage in wasted care.
The success of prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS initiatives in Africa is largely attributed to the use of clinical staff to diagnose illness and provide comprehensive medical care. Access to emergency obstetric care through greater dispersion of clinical officers is one way of achieving the Millennium Development Goal 4 (reducing child mortality) and 5 (improving maternal health).
Around the world, patients are seen by many other practitioners other than traditional doctors such as:
- Osteopathic doctors, podiatrists, optometrists and anesthetic assistants in the United States
- Pakistan's Emergency and Clinical Officer
- Doctor Assistant in USA, UK, Liberia and Ghana
- Doctor Assistant in China,
- Doctors and Emergency Care in the United Kingdom,
- Doctor Assistant in Saudi Arabia,
- Health Extension Officer in Papua New Guinea
- Medical Assistant/Sub-Assistant Public Medical Officer in Bangladesh
- Medical Assistant in Fiji
- Medical Assistant Officer in Malaysia
- Surgical Technologist in Mozambique
- Clinical Partners in South Africa.
Scope of practice
A clinical officer takes the Hippocratic oath and, depending on the jurisdiction, can be registered by the same legal council as the doctor (in southern countries such as Zambia and Malawi) or separate boards (in eastern countries like Kenya and Uganda). The nature of extensive medical training prepares a person to work at all levels of the health care system. Most work in primary care clinics and clinics, and the departments of victims in hospitals where people will diagnose and treat all common ailments, including serious and life-threatening, in all age groups; and stabilize then acknowledge, dismiss or refer to emergency cases. In smaller hospitals can work as hospitalists and who specialize in clinical areas providing advanced medical and surgical care and surgery such as anesthesia, general or special surgery, supervising other health workers and other administrative tasks.
The scope of clinical practice depends on training and experience, workplace jurisdiction and workplace policies. In Malawi, for example, clinicians perform all routine surgical and obstetric surgeries such as laparotomy exploration, orthopedic emergency and caesarean section. However, in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique, one must undergo further specialized training in order to perform a major operation safely.
In urban and small urban health facilities, clinicians are typically the highest providers of medical care and work with minimal resources, relying on traditional medical history and physical examinations, often with little or no laboratory facilities, to make diagnosis and provide care. In larger and better equipped facilities, clinical officers generally gain superior knowledge, experience, and skills and provide high-quality and wider coverage services at district, provincial and national hospitals, universities and colleges, research institutes and facilities private medical.
Clinicians are usually the lowest-level cadres in the medical hierarchy but with years of experience and/or further training, a person can go up to the same or higher level than the doctor. In most countries, however, wages are usually low compared to training and career responsibilities and development is usually limited by giving terminal degrees and diplomas, training students who have not reached the minimum university entrance scores and, in some countries, not awarding degrees or recognition for training advanced. In countries like these, it usually produces low-motivated and low-quality workers and produces poor health indicators.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as other international research and health agencies are using CO widely in their projects in Africa and clinicians have become the backbone of HIV care and treatment that allows ARV launch into even the most difficult in the countryside. to reach areas in Africa.
Research conducted by the University of Birmingham and published in the British Medical Journal concluded that the effectiveness and safety of the caeserian section performed by clinicians did not differ significantly compared to physicians. Better health outcomes including lower maternal mortality rates were observed in which CO had completed further specialized training especially in anesthesia.
In multi-country research, poor outcomes were observed in Burkina Faso and Zaire - the only country where the procedure was performed by trained nurses. High rates of wound infection and wound dehiscence in these countries are considered due to poor nurse surgery techniques and the need for enhanced training. ?
Maps Clinical officer
Kenya
Kenya has a comprehensive parallel legal framework and rules governing the medical practice of medical personnel and clinical personnel. The highest health policy and medical authority in the republic is the secretary of the health cabinet and director of medical services overseeing the registration and licensing of medical institutions and training, registration and licensing of medical practitioners through Medical Practitioners and Dentists Council and Clinical Officers Council.
As a British colony in 1928, Kenya began to train a group of indigenous people to practice medicine and care for locals who are increasingly receiving and seeking western medicine. After independence from Britain in 1963, medical training in Kenya initially adopted a four-year medical school system used in the US rather than a six-year British model. This was heavily influenced by Kennedy Airlift who attended initial funding by the African-American Student Foundation (AASF) in 1959 and caused hundreds of young Kenyan students to receive scholarships to study in American institutions: These students returned to Kenya after study and joined civil service in Kenya after the initial independence. It was also around this time that the first DO was accepted as a medical officer by the US civil service and in 1967 the structure and duration of medical training in Kenya was similar to the US MD training. When the University of Nairobi broke away from the University of East Africa and became the first university in Kenya in 1970, he continued to teach a six-year British undergraduate degree which led to the creation of two legal entities: Medical Practitioners and Dentists in Kenya 1978 who had jurisdiction over medical officers and doctors, and Clinical Officers Council in 1989 who have jurisdiction over clinical officers. Instead of residency for clinicians, higher pediatrics, ophthalmology and other specialty diplomas were introduced in the late 1970s as a post-primary course for those who had worked for three years or more and, after ten years of service, one became Officer Senior Clinic and is eligible for a license to practice under its own name as a private medical practitioner. BSc. The Clinical and Surgical Medicine Degree was then introduced in 2006.
Clinicians play a central role in Kenya's medical sector today. There were 8,600 clinical officers at the register in 2010 compared to 7,100 medics. They are trained by universities, Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC), St. Clinical Medical School. Mary and other private institutions. The Ministry of Health, through the Clinical Officers Council (COC) organizes their training and practice, accredits training institutions, and approves university and college syllabuses. Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC), also under the Ministry of Health, has campuses in regional education hospitals and trains most clinical officers. St. Mary's School of Clinical Medicine and St. Mary's Mission Hospital in Mumias, owned by the Roman Catholic Diocese at Kakamega, is the first private institution to train clinicians. It recognizes students who have a minimum university entrance score in secondary school and have passed a written exam and oral interview. Students take the same exams with their colleagues at KMTC and are consulted by consultants from public services.
Legal status
In the Kenyan public health system, clinicians are alternative practitioners who are trained and authorized by law to perform technical, administrative or legal duties requiring medical doctors. However, due to shorter training periods when compared to medical personnel (ie 4 years, not 6 years), clinicians join lower class services and gain seniority through experience, additional training or further education.
As the term medical officer , the term clinical officer is a protected title whose use is not authorized by the Clinic Officers Council is prohibited and who can be subject to infringement under Kenyan law. The court ruling upholds that a certificate of registration or license issued by the board automatically confers the status of a qualified medical practitioner or bb to a physician and the title is used interchangeably in the medico-legal document because the clinician who are eligible to have a recognized medical qualification and are eligible for registration as a medical practitioner under Section 11 (1) of the Medical Practitioner and Dentist Act are expressly authorized to practice medicine, surgery or dentistry with Section 7 (4) of Clinical Officers Act [3] [4] [5] [6] [7].
From the Anatomy Law , the legal definition of medical officer is any public official entitled to be registered as a medical practitioner if he is applying under the law in this country: Section 14 (1) of Medical Practitioners and Dentists Act and Section 7 (4) of the Clinical Officers Act are two laws that can authorize a person to practicing medicine and providing medical or dental services in the public sector if they hold a registration certificate or in the private sector if they hold the license right now. The Public Health Act further defines medical medical officers as public officials responsible for national health (Director of Medical Services and Clinical services of the Director) or regionally (Regional Health Officers or Sub-District Health and District or Sub-District Clinical Officials).
Like its associates in public service, a clinician in the private sector has the same privileges and privileges as a medical officer and both are authorized to work independently and specialize in any approved general or special branch of medicine. The Competition Act No.12 of 2010 directly prohibits and overcomes the misuse of multi-sectoral dominance, consumer welfare, liberation, cartel and unfounded concentration of economic power among practitioners.
A list of active clinical officers and medical institutions is available online at the Clinical Officers Council website and the Ministry of Health.
Clinical Officers (Training, Registration and License) Act Cap 260
The Clinical Officer (Training, Registration and Permission) Act Cap 260 of 1988 is the law governing the medical practice of Clinical Officers. It establishes the Clinical Officers Council whose functions are:
- To qualify Clinical officers
- To ensure maintenance and upgrading of practice standards by clinical officers and to oversee the professional behavior and practices of clinical officers
- To register and license clinical personnel for the purposes of this action
- To collaborate with other bodies such as medical practitioners and dentists, central health councils, Kenya nursing councils, pharmaceutical and toxic councils, in the continuation of the functions of councils and bodies; and
- To consider and address any issues related to clinical personnel including prescribing badges, badges or uniforms to be worn by clinical personnel.
Prior to this action there were many sub-cadres in professions such as registered clinicians (RCO), certified clinical officers (CCO), medical assistants, etc., who had different types and levels of education. All this was abolished by law in 1989, for the uniform cadre of Clinical Uniforms (CO). However, the Clinic Officer's Registered Degree (RCO), which is a crème profession at one time, has persisted even in official publications.
Training
Although the training program has been around since 1928, the first university that trained clinical officers was Egerton University in 1999. The program is also available at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya Methodist University (KEMU) Mt Kenya University. and the East African Presbyterian University (PUEA). The Diploma in Clinical and Surgical Medicine is completed in nine 15-week trimesters for three calendar years (or 135 weeks which, in particular, exceeds the minimum of 130 weeks of instruction required to complete the US MD program). BSc. Medical and Clinical Surgery is over 4 years.
Students study biomedical and clinical sciences such as anatomy, physiology and pathology in the first year followed by clinical subjects (medicine, surgery, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology) in the second year. The third and fourth year involves supervised clinical practice and apprenticeship in educational hospitals where they rotate in all departments, receiving in addition to lectures, attending consultant rounds of wards, clerk officers and presenting medical history, undertaking first delivery and assistance in major operations. They also attend clinical meetings and write prescriptions which at this stage should be signed by the supervising physician.
There is a particular emphasis on primary care with modules on public health taught throughout the course. Prior to starting their internship after the third year, clinicians spend at least one month at the Provincial Rural Health Training Center where they immunize children, examine pregnant women and offer family planning services at maternal and child health clinics. They also treat inpatients and outpatients under the guidance of qualified clinicians and organize outreach services where they travel to remote rural villages, view patients and immunize children. During this time they completed the project in a community diagnosis.
They also study Health Service Management that prepares them for their management and leadership roles in health centers and other institutions.
Apprenticeship and registration
All clinicians must work as full-time internships for one year without any pay or any form of motivation in public hospitals or approved missions before obtaining a license for medical practice, a situation that caused a large clinical strike by the clinician in the past. for surgery to stop at a public hospital when this strike occurs. While passing the final qualifying exam, they take a hippocratic oath and then apply for a temporary registration by the Clinical Officers Council, the legal entity governing the practice of clinical officers in the country. Internships involve supervised rotation in major clinical departments ie victims, medicine, pediatrics, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology. They are supervised by consultants in their respective fields. The consultants ensure that they can practice the clinical medicine safely before signing it for admission. An apprenticeship signed by a consultant is required for registration. Upon registration, a person is required to apply for a license from a COC that allows them to practice medicine, surgery and dentistry legally in that country. This license may be renewed every two years. The update requires evidence of achieving 60 Sustainable Profession Development Points (CPDs) in CPD diaries with further training, research and publications, attending sessions on Continuing Medical Education (CME) or environmental roundturns and outreach activities.
Progress
An experienced clinician usually holds a senior clinical, administrative or teaching position within his organization or establishes and manages his own personal practice. A person holding a Diploma in Clinical and Surgical Medicine may upgrade his/her qualifications to BSc. Medical and Clinical Surgery or conduct postgraduate training at the university. One can also apply for the Higher Diploma program at Kenya Medical Training College. The table below shows the different grades of clinicians and their level of comparability in public services.
Higher Diploma in Clinical and Surgical Medicine requires at least three years work experience and lasts twelve to eighteen months leading to a special qualification and reappointment as a specialized clinical officer in one of the medical specialties such as pediatrics, reproductive health, anesthesia, ENT, ophthalmology and cataract surgery, orthopedics, psychiatry/clinical psychology, skin and chest diseases, epidemiology, pathology and community medicine. A specialized clinician provides sophisticated medical and surgical treatment including invasive procedures in their specialties such as cespersis, cataract surgery, tonsillectomy, psychotherapy and anesthesia administration. A graduate clinician holding BSc. Medical and clinical surgery are also trained to perform some invasive surgical procedures including caesarean section and laparotomy. After BSc.Clinical Drugs C. O can specialize in advanced levels in masters where they can undertake a master's program in Pediatrics and children, Reproductive Health, Oncology and palliative, Forensic and coronary drugs, Accident and emergency medicine, Ophthalmology, ENT , Dermatology and venereal disease, lung health among others.
Malawi
Medical care is generally provided by clinicians who are even able to provide surgical treatment. Clinicians are trained for 4 years, (3 1 year clinical internship in a designated teaching hospital). One meta-analysis noted that the provision of caesarean section by clinicians did not result in a significant increase in maternal or perinatal deaths. In other words, there is no difference whether the operation is performed by a clinician or a doctor
Sudan
South Sudan separated from North Arabia (Sudan) in July 2011 after years of civil war that left most of the southern part in ruins. The health care system is almost non-existent. AMREF started training clinicians by establishing the Maridi National Health Training Institute.
Graduates complement CO efforts trained in neighboring countries, such as Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, most of whom work for international humanitarian agencies.
Tanzania
In Tanzania, training is under the Ministry of Health. There are many training schools and training programs of clinicians in the last three years. Internship is not required for registration.
Experienced clinicians can apply for an advanced diploma in clinical medicine that takes two years to complete. This qualification is considered to be equivalent to the first degree in medicine by the university and the Department of Health in the country. The graduates are known as Medical Assistant Officers. The next two years training leads to specialist qualifications in the fields of anesthesia, medicine, surgery and radiology etc.
Kampala International University has opened a campus in Dar es Salaam where it now offers Bachelor of Clinical Medicine and Public Health.
Uganda
In 1918, Uganda trained clinical officers who were called medical assistants at the time. The training is under the Ministry of Education and takes place in a clinical officer training school. The postsecondary program last three years, focuses on medicines and hospital care, followed by a two-year internship.
Kampala International University offers Bachelor of Clinical Medicine and Public Health. A high school graduate takes four and a half years to complete this degree when practicing clinicians take three years.
Zambia
In Zambia, clinical officers who complete a three-year Diploma of Science in Clinical Medicine are called CLINICAL OFFICER -GENERAL (COG). Those who complete a three-year diploma in clinical psychiatry are called CLINICAL OFFICER -PSYCHIATRY (COP). Currently the improvement of this diploma is a scholar of science and the holder is called a medical license holder. Medical licenses have advanced skills in medicine and surgery and can be used interchangeably with physicians. Medical licenses exceed the number of general practitioners (with university degree) in all regions, with a ratio ranging from 3.8 CO per physician in Lusaka to 19.3 in the northwest provinces. They perform routine surgery and obstetrics and provide clinical care at the hospital. The College of Surgeons of the East, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA) is involved in their training to improve their surgical skills through the Training of Clinical Surgeon Training (COST) program.
Burkina Faso
In Burkina Faso, as elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, the use of non-physician physicians began as a temporary measure while more doctors were trained, but it has become a permanent strategy in the face of crisis in human health resources. Various training alternatives have been used. A two-year advanced training program in surgery was developed for registered nurses. The clinician (known as attachà © s de santà ©  © en chirurgie ) is a district medical officer trained with an additional six-month curriculum in emergency surgery.
Many studies have shown that trained COs provide quality medical and surgical care with outcomes similar to doctors who provide similar treatments in the same setting. However, re-trained nurses to CO have been associated with worse outcomes as shown in the study using 2004-2005 hospital data from six areas of Burkina Faso, which linked them to higher maternal and infant deaths when they performed the section caesar. The observed higher mortality rate indicates the need for a refresher course and closer supervision of the nurse.
Ethiopia
The first medical school in Ethiopia was originally a training institute of "health workers". Training of health workers began at Gonder University in 1954 due to a shortage of doctors. The healthcare worker holds a bachelor's degree and undergoes a three-year training program plus a one-year internship. Those who complete the master's degree provide advanced care (eg emergency surgery).
Ghana
In Ghana, the Medical Assistant (MA) has traditionally experienced nurses who have undergone an 18-month post-graduate course to become MA. High school graduates can now take three-year diploma courses to become MA. In Ghana, from 2012, the Medical Assistant nomenclature has been changed to Doctor Assistant. . The new name of Doctor Assistant is not well known among most people of Ghana The term Physician Assistant (PA) refers to three (3) groups of health professionals who are trained in medical models for the practice of medicine and dentistry. They are PA-Medical, PA-Dental and also known as Oral Community Health Officers and PA-Anesthesia (also known as Nurse Anesthetists). These mid-level providers are trained exclusively in the past by the Health Training Institute (HTI) under the Ministry of Health with the aim of providing care to communities where there are few or no doctors. Currently, there are eight universities in Ghana that offer a four-year Bachelor of Science degree in Physician Assistantship (Physician Assistantship). The purpose of the Bachelor of Physician Assistantship program is to train graduates who will have the ability to evaluate a person's health status, diagnose and treat acute diseases as well as life-saving interventions, manage chronic illness, provide preventive care and advise individuals on psychosocial issues independently or in collaboration with doctor.
In 2016, the PA-Anesthesia group broke away and became a certified registered anesthesiologist (CRA) under the 857th Profession Health Regulations Act which referred to them as certified registered anesthetics. PA qualified with graduation from PA education programs and certification by the Ghana Medical and Dental Council. Successful new PAs in their licensing examinations by MDC are issued with temporary registration to enable them to undertake a one-year internship at an accredited institution, a prerequisite for permanent registration that will also serve as a national service but without payment for twelve months.
PA students in all PA training schools belonging to the Association of Doctors of Ghana (PASAG). To foster unity, friendship and bonding among members of the association, and to promote excellence in the execution of their professional mandates, the quiz competition is held annually. The first edition was won by Presbyterian University College, Ghana. After permanent certification, among others, PA diagnose and treat illness, perform physical examination, guide individuals on preventive health issues, and order and interpret laboratory tests. In addition, PA is the first or second assistant in major surgery, and provides pre and postoperative care, and in this case trained and experienced in surgical skills. Thus, PA plays a role in preventive medicine, as well as in education, research, and administrative activities. The physician's assistant is part of the medical team and is placed on top of the nurses but under the medical officer. They perform the duties originally performed by doctors. Some call PA as "village doctor" or "head". For patients, a PA is a doctor, because PA practiced medicine just as a doctor
The Ghana-Medical Doctors Assistant Association at their last annual delegation congress, voted for a name change from the current name of Doctor Assistant to Clinicians. The members of the association believe that Assistant attached to their name is the limit to what exactly PA is. PA is not an assistant but an independent medical professional who is trained and licensed for the practice of medicine and dentistry. The Association has presented a new job description and a new name clinician to the Ministry of Health. The meeting, chaired by the president director of the health ministry. Zakariah's angel who promised to deal with PA complaints was immediately known as Clinical Officer
Liberia
In Liberia, the National Tubman Medical Art Institute (TNIMA) was established in 1945. In 1965, a physician assistant (PA) program was established as a joint venture between the Liberian government, WHO and UNICEF. Originally it was a one-year course, but it is currently a three-year diploma program accredited by the National Association of Dentists of Liberia (LINPAA) and the Council of the Association of Dentistry and Teeth of Liberia. To legally practice medicine as a PA person must sit and pass state exams administered by the medical council.
Mozambique
In Mozambique, tecnicos de cirurgia, or surgical technologist, is an experienced Clinical Officer who undergoes further housing training in operations under the supervision of a two-year-old senior surgeon at Maputo Central Hospital, and one year apprenticeship in a provincial hospital. They are trained to perform emergency, midwifery and traumatology operations and are deployed to district hospitals where they are usually the sole provider of surgical treatment.
South Africa
South Africa trained clinical associations for three years and granted them a Bachelor degree in Clinical Medical Practice. The first program was launched by the late Minister of Health Tshabalala Msimang on August 18, 2008 at Walter Sisulu University in Mthatha. The first class graduated in December 2010. The program also exists at the University of Pretoria and the University of Witwatersrand.
International
The special nature of medical training in the developed world has created a shortage of general practitioners and emergency spending on health care by the government. more primary care is provided by non-physician providers such as physician assistants.
United States
Assistant doctors in the United States train at least two years at the postsecondary level and may hold an associate, bachelor or master's degree. Most PAs have earned a master's degree. Some institutions offer Doctor of Science degrees in the same field. According to Money magazine, this is one of the best careers in the US. This profession is represented by the American Academy of Physician Assistants.
United Kingdom
Britain has in recent years hired physician assistants from the United States on trial grounds for planning to introduce these cadres into their health care system. Several universities in the UK have offered postgraduate diplomas in the study of Doctor Assistants. The PAs of UK is represented by the UK PA Association.
Australia
The University of Queensland offers a one and a half year Master of Physician Assistant Studies for those with a bachelor's degree. Those who have post-secondary health qualifications such as registered nurses and paramedics can access the program through a Postgraduate Certificate in a Physician Assistant Study; as long as they have at least five years of full-time work experience. It has been announced that PA will be allowed to work in Queensland as a fully licensed practitioner by 2014.
China
China has about 880,000 Rural Doctors and 110,000 physician assistants who provide primary care for rural residents where they are also known as barefoot doctors. They usually have about a year of training; those who sit and pass government exams qualify to become rural doctors. Those who fail to become public health workers. However, there is a government move to get all the village doctors to complete the three-year training.
Fiji
Africa and the rest of the world may follow a well-traveled path. In 1879, a group of Indians arrived in Fiji with a ship that survived cholera and smallpox on the way. During the quarantine period of the crew, a small group trained vaccinations. The experience was deemed so successful that a few years later, in 1885, a group of young Fijian men started a three-year training program at Suva Medical School, now known as the Fijian School of Medicine. Titles given to professional practitioners have had many names for years, including Indigenous Medical Practitioners , Medical Practitioner Assistant , Medical Officers Assistant , and Primary Care Practitioner (PCP). In 1987, PCP was trained for three years before returning to their community to undergo a one-year internship, followed by two years of subsequent studies after their MBBS degree.
India
Under British rule, India trained doctors licencedate for three years. They are then registered with the General Medical Council of Britain. Most of them work among rural residents who provide medical care.
After independence, and upon the recommendation of the bhore committee in 1946, the training of dignified doctors was stopped and their qualifications converted to the MBBS degree. They then became grandparents at the Indian Medical Board.
The plan is to train enough doctors to serve the whole country. However, the plan has not yielded results and doctors generally abandon their rural post after their internship for a more lucrative and glamorous career in the big cities.
In 2009, the Indian government plans to introduce a three and a half year Bachelor of Medicine and Surgical (BRMS) degree to train doctors who will work in remote Indian villages. At graduation they will undergo a one-year internship period at a regional hospital before being licensed. Those who have five years of experience will be eligible for postgraduate study with the same status with their MBBS colleagues.
In India, Madras Medical Mission in Chennai, in collaboration with the Birla Institute of Technology and Frontier Lifeline since 1992 offers a bachelor's degree in Physician Assistant studies. The duration of the program is four years, comprising a three-year class and a laboratory course then a compulsory one-year internship. Several other universities offer similar programs in partnership with US universities. PA in India can pursue a master's degree and doctoral science.
Bangladesh
Mid Label Medical Care Medical Human Resources of Bangladesh is the product of Medical Assistant from Medical Assistant Training School (MATS).3 Years Medical Assistant Course Beginning 1976. Now 4 years Medical Assistant 3 year coursework academy 1 year intrenship See Also Sub-assistant community Medical Officer
History
Bangladesh was part of British India to independence, and then spent a quarter of a century as East Pakistan before Bangladesh broke away and became an independent nation.
British India
Modern Bangladesh is largely part of Bengal in British India.
In 1914 the Faculty of Medicine of Bengal was established to perform a trained dedication from a doctor of the Medical Faculty (Doctor LMF) for four years of Mid-Label Diploma Doctor. They are then registered with the General Medical Council of Britain. Most of them work among rural residents who provide medical care. On independence, East Pakistan has five medical schools:
- Mitford Medical School, Dhaka (1875-1957)
- Lytton Medical School, Mymensingh (1924-1962)
- Chittagong Medical School (1927-1957)
- Sylhet Medical School (1948-1962)
- Rajshahi Medical School (1954-1958)
East Pakistan
After independence from Britain, licensed doctor training continued in East Pakistan and upon the recommendation of the bhore committee in 1946, began the MBBS Degree. They later became members of the Indian Medical Board & amp; Pakistan. In 1962 the Minister of Health Monem Khan introduced the Condensed MBBS Course for LMF Doctors at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from 1963 to 1972.
Bangladesh
After independence from Pakistan, the training of doctors diplentiasi (Doctor LMF) was stopped. All Medical Schools Convert Medical College & amp; Starting MBBS Course. First Five Year Plan [1973] from Sheik Father Sheik Mujibur Rahman The government plans to create a new health cadre of "Medical Assistant" & amp; name of institution "Medical Assistant Training School" (MATS). In 1976 started a Medical Assistant training course under the Faculty of Medicine Country of Bangladesh & amp; Ministry of Health & amp; family welfare. In 1980, First Class Medical Assistant students entered the government service. In 1983 Medical Assistant got Bangladesh Medical & amp; Dental Registration for the first time. In 1996 Medical Assistant Post of DGHS & amp; DGFP Converts Assistant Sub-Assistant Medical Apparatus Society (SACMO) government prime minister Sheike Hasina, DGFP Apply it but DGHS does not implement. In 2011 by court order implements SACMO at DGHS Bangladesh.
From 2009 Medical Assistant Course sessions developed 4-year course (3 years Institution 1 year Interneeship). Currently Medical Assistant Course is conducted in 8 public institutions & amp; 146 private institutions.
Approximately 65% ​​of rural residents receive major medical care from a Sub-Assistant medical assistant (medical assistant). Medical Assistant no scope of Higher Education & amp; promotion. But Bongobondu sheike mujibur rahman government First Five Year Plan [1973] page 520 & amp; 521 brief details on Medical Assistant (After passing a 3-year medical assistant & rural services course in national service entering medical qualification course for MBBS course).
Institution of [MATS]
There are now 8 Medical Assistant Training Schools
- Tangail Medical Assist Training School (Tangail MATS)
- Sirajgonj's Medical Assistance Training School (Sirajgonj MATS)
- Kustia Medical Assistant Training School (Kustia MATS)
- Bagerhat Medical Assistance Training School (Bagerhat MATS)
- Noakhali Medical Assistant Training School (Noakhali MATS)
- Faridpur Medical Assistant Training School (Faridpur MATS)
- Jhenaidah Medical Assistant Training School (Jhenaidah MATS)
- Medical Assistant Comilla School Training (Comilla MATS)
There are 146 Private Medical Assistant Training Schools.
Malaysia
Malaysia began training Medical Assistants in the early 1900s after independence from Britain. Also known as Medical Assistant Assistants, they are trained for three and a half years in a bachelor academic program recognized by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency to practice. They are primarily placed in public hospitals, parastatal institutions (eg military, prison), rural health centers, elderly care centers, or private specialist hospitals.
See also
- Allied health profession
- Health care in Kenya
- Paramedic
- Surgical technologist
- Colleagues in South Africa
- Feldsher in countries of the former Soviet Union
References
External links
- East African Presbyterian University
- Kenya Medical Training College - Department of Clinical Medicine
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College- Tanzania
- Egerton University (Kenya) - Diploma in Clinical and Surgical Medicine
- Kenya Methodist University - Department of Clinical Medicine
- Mt. University of Kenya
- Malawi Health Sciences School
- Maridi - Maridi National Health Training Institute
- Indian Association of Physician Assistants
- The Clinical Officers Council
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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