In grammar, future tense (abbreviated FUT ) is a verb form that generally marks an event described by a word work has not happened yet, but is expected to happen in the future. An example of a future tense form is the French aimera , meaning "to love", derived from the verb aimer ("love"). English has no future form formed by the inflection verb in this way, although it has a number of ways to express the future, especially construction with additional verbs be or must be or are/am/will and grammarians differ in terms of whether they describe such constructs as representing future forms in English.
The "future" expressed by a tense future usually means the future relative to the moment of speech, although in a context where relative strain is used, it may mean the future relative to some other point within the time taken into consideration.
Video Future tense
Ekspresi
The nature of the future, certainly uncertain and at different distances up front, means that the speaker can refer to future events with the modalities of one possibility (what the speaker expects to expect) or intent (what the speaker is up to). Whether the future expression is realist or irrealist does not depend on an objective ontological idea of ​​future reality, but on the speaker's level of assurance that the event will actually take place.
In many languages ​​there is no grammatical (morphological or syntactical) indication of future forms. The meaning of the future is provided by context, with the use of temporary adverbs such as "later," "next year," etc. These adverbs (especially the word meaning "tomorrow" and "then") sometimes develop into tevers of a grammatical future tenses. (A tense used to refer specifically to events occurring the next day is called a crastinal tense.)
In other languages, mostly from Europe, a special marker shows the future. This structure is a tense future . In many cases, additional verbs are used, as in English, where the future is often indicated by auxiliary capital be (or must ). However, some languages ​​combine auxiliary with the main verb to produce a simple tense of the future (one word, morphologist). This is the origin of future tensions in Western Romance such as French and Italian (see below).
A particular language may have more than one way of expressing the future. English, for example, often refers to future events using present tense or other structures such as the future of going-to , in addition to the canonical form with will/shall . In addition, verb forms used for tense future can also be used to express other types of meaning; English once again gives this example (see the English capital verb for various meanings both will and should be able to have in addition to just revealing the future).
Maps Future tense
Relatively tense expressions
It is sometimes possible to mark the timing of an event as a past or a future that is not relative to the present moment (the moment of speech), but relative to the reference time, which may be in the past or future (or in some hypothetical reality) relative against the present. (See relatively tense.) So an event can be marked as happening in the "future past", "the future of the past", etc. (For the "past from the past", see pluperfect.)
The past future , marks an expected occurrence before the time of future reference, usually marked by a perfect future form (in a language that has such a form), as in English "I finished tomorrow afternoon. "
"The future of the past" can be expressed in various ways in English. It is possible to use will in its capacity as a past tense of future markers be (see the English capital verb and future-in-the-past); for example: "The match starts at midday but will not end till night." It is also possible to use the past tense of other expressions that express future references, such as "I will wait"; "I have to wait"; "I will wait." Such expressions can also be incorporated into other forms and circumstances (and non-infinite forms), to achieve future reference in hypothetical and future situations, for example, "I will take part if..."; "I will go." More examples can be found in the Future Expressions section relative in an article about a going-to future.
Germanic
In German, including English, the future general expression uses present tense, with the future expressed using words that imply future action ( I go to Berlin tomorrow or I'm going to Berlin tomorrow ). There is no such a simple (morphological) form of the future. However, the future can also be expressed by employing additional constructs that combine certain present tactical auxiliary verbs with simple infinitives (stems) of the main verb. These additional forms vary among languages. Other, generally more informal, future expressions using a helper with infinitive compounds of the main verb (such as English will... ).
English
Grammar provides a number of ways to show the nature of the future of an event. Some argue that English has no future form - that is, a form of grammar that always shows the future - nor does it have a mandatory form for future expression. However, there are some generally accepted ways of showing the future in English, and some of them - especially those using will or should - are often described as future forms.
The future will/will consists of a capital verb be or required along with a blank infinitive of the main verb, as in "He will win easily "or" I will do it when time permits ". (Prescriptive grammarians prefer to to second and third persons and will to the first person, reversing the form to express obligations or determination, but in practice will and will generally be used interchangeably, with being becoming more common.For details see be and be .) The meaning of this construction is close to that expressed by the future tense in another language. But the same construction as will or be can have other meanings that do not show the future, or else show some modality other than the future (as in "He will make a rude statement ", meaning he has a habit of doing that, or," You must act on my behalf ", giving orders). For details of this meaning, see the sections on be and required in the article about the English capital verb.
The will/will future form described above is often called simple future (or in the future ). Other constructions provide additional assistance that expresses certain aspects: a progressive future (or sustainable future ) as in "He will work"; a perfect future as in "They will finish"; and a perfectly progressive future as in "You will practice." For details on this, see the relevant section of Use of English verb forms. (For more about relative expression, such as a perfect future, see also the section above.)
Some other English constructs usually refer to the future:
- The strained form is present, as in "Trains leave at 5," or, "My cousin arrives tomorrow." Since these grammatical forms are used more canonically to refer to the current situation, they are generally not described as the form of the future; in sentences such as those just given they can be described as "present tense with the meaning of the future". The use of a present tense (rather than a form with will ) is mandatory in some subordinate clauses referring to the future, such as "If I feel better next week,..." and "Once they arrive,... ". For more details see the parts in the sentence present a simple, progressive and dependent present in the article on the English verb form.
- The future goes to , for example, "John is leaving tonight."
- The limited-form construction of the copula verb becomes along with to -infinitive, for example, "John leave tonight". (With zero copula headline style newspaper, this being just "John left tonight".) For details see me .
- Construction with to be around , for example, "John will leave soon", referring to the expected future soon. (A number of lexical expressions with similar meanings exist, such as being at a point (doing something) .)
- The use of capital verbs with the meaning of the future, to combine future time expressions with a certain modalities: "I must do this" (also mun in the Northern English dialect); "We should help him"; "I can get out of here"; "We may win"; "You may succeed". The same capital verbs are also often used with reference now rather than in the future. For details of its meaning and usage, see English capital verbs.
Questions and negatives form all of the above constructs on a regular basis: see Questions and Negations in English grammar articles. Companions will and will form contracted negates will not and not (they may occasionally become contracted when not negated, to 'll ).
Different ways of expressing the future bring different meanings, which imply not only the future but also the aspects (the way an action or circumstance takes place in time) and/or modalities (attitude of the speaker to action or state). The proper interpretation should be based on the context. Particularly there are sometimes differences in future and future use of going-to (though in some contexts they can be exchanged). For more information, see the upcoming i-i article.
German
The use of present tense in the future means far more common in German than in English. Especially in German's everyday language, but also in standard written language, future forms are rarely used if the meaning of the future is evident through the context or temporary statement or clause. For example:
- In zehn Jahren bin ich MillionÃÆ'¤r.
- "In ten years, I'll be a millionaire."
- Literally: "In ten years I'm a millionaire."
Germany uses additional for the future: werden (which can also mean "to be.") The main verb after werden is a simple infinitive. The infinitive main verb is placed at the end of a sentence or clause. As an example:
- Ich werde dich morgen nach der arbeit anrufen .
- "I'll call you tomorrow after work."
- Literally: "I became you tomorrow after the call."
A perfect future (in German referred to as Futur II) can be established by replacing simple infinitive with past infinity of the relevant auxiliary:
- Ich werde dich angerufen haben
- "I'll call you."
Some grammarians (eg J. Kromeyer, J.Ã, Â ° Gottsched, J.Ã, B.Ã, v.Ã, Antesperg) also label or label other future forms, such as:
- important future: du sollst loben (you have to praise)
- the future is uncertainly indicative (German: ungewiÃÆ'Ÿ zukÃÆ'¼nftige Zeit, Latin: tempus futurum incertum): ich will lobby (I want to praise)
- denotes a certain future (German: gewiÃÆ'Ÿ kÃÆ'¼nftige Zeit, Latin: tempus futurum certum), or indicative future I: ich werde loben (I will praise)
- indivisible conditional future (German: bedingt zukÃÆ'¼nftige Zeit, Latin: tempus futurum conditionatum), or conjunctive future II: ich wÃÆ'¼rde loben (I will praise)
All of these words are still there, but today (usually) only the werde loben (future I) and sometimes i i wÃÆ'¼rde loben (conjunctive future II ) are labeled future forms.
Dutch
The Dutch can express the future in three ways:
- gaan infinitive: Ik ga het boek lezen (I'll read this book). "Gaan" is the original language of "to go".
- zullen infinitive: Ik zal het boek lezen (I will/will read the book). "Zullen" is a "must" language.
- present tense a temporary context or adverb or clause: Hoe lang blijft hij in Nederland? (How long did he stay in Holland?) His English equivalent uses sustainable or imperfect aspects.
Zullen infinitive is more similar to 'shall' than 'will'. This is used for:
- reveal a promise or proposal
- emphasize that something is bound to happen
- states that an event is likely to occur (explicitly specifying the probability)
The English 'will' and the Dutch wil , even though the native language, have shifted centuries in meaning, so the "will" is almost identical to "will", while the Dutch
Gain infinitive can be compared with English "going to". It's used:
- to express the intended action (but not a promise, proposal, or service plan);
- says that an event will occur (without emphasizing certainty or mentioning the probability).
Icelandic and Norse Old
The derivative of Iceland from the Old Norse and indeed virtually unchanged from it in written form. Iceland uses auxiliary:
- show express future possibilities
- skulu (will) imply an obligation or determination.
It is believed that in the Old Norse munu declares a pure future, skulu (will) declare the obligation or determination as it still does, and the third auxiliary, vilja ("will"), declare intent or intention.
Future general additional expressions, which take the infinitive compound, are:
- ÃÆ'Â|tla states intentions.
(So ​​ "ÃÆ'â € ° g ÃÆ'Â|tla aÃÆ'Â ° comma" I'm coming )
The verb "verÃÆ' Â ° a" (be) is also very commonly used in the sense of "will", making the lower "mun vera" (would) have a slightly stronger emphasis on the future than the English translation.
Like many other Germanic languages, the future can also be expressed by simply using present tense and having sentence words that imply future action (eg "Tomorrow"). Therefore, if it is evident from the sentence that people talk about the future, then the verb is almost always in the present form of time.
Norwegian
Norway's current standard assistance is:
- vil (a convention with "will"; used to indicate the desire)
- scal (shared with "must"; used to indicate intent)
- kan (a convergence of "can" is used to demonstrate the ability)
- kommer til à   ¥ (future regardless of intention)
Occasional use is:
- mon (or in Nynorsk to .).
Danish
In Denmark the future is usually not marked, using the current tense form. Sometimes the capital vil ("want") and scal ("must") are used instead to indicate the future, and sometimes blive "being" can have meaning "will". The following differences illustrate some of their uses:
It will never happen "It will never happen" (prediction) but It is not responsible "It will not happen" (promise).
What are you doing tonight? "What are you going to do tonight?"; I'm going to visit my parents this weekend "I'm going to visit my parents this weekend"; Are you going home now? "Will you go home?"
Han vil hentes "He wants to ke_be_picked_up"; Han skal hentes "He's definitely be_picked_up". Han vil blive hente "He will be (be) picked_up (it's already set)", but Han blame hentai "He will be (be) picked_up (I promise) ".
Jeg scal til fÃÆ'¸dselsdag i morgen "I will (go) to (a) birthday_party tomorrow". Det bliver sjov "It becomes (will) be fun". Vi bliver 15 "We become (will) 15 (there will be fifteen of us)". Han bliver 40 "She becomes (will) 40".
Swedish
Swedish skall very imply intent, but with adverbs like nog "maybe" it can avoid the implications of intentionality: Det hÃÆ'¤r skall nog gÃÆ'  ¥ bra "This might work well". However, the past tense skall , skulle , can be used without such adverbs to express predictions in the past: Pelle sa, att det skulle bli varmt pÃÆ'  ¥ eftermiddagen "Pelle says that it will be warm in the afternoon."
The pure future, regardless of intent, is usually expressed by kommer att (literally: coming to ): Det hÃÆ'¤r kommer att gÃÆ'  ¥ bra "It will go well", Du kommer att ÃÆ'¶verleva det hÃÆ'¤r "You will survive this".
Latin and Romansa
The future shape shape in Latin varies with conjugation. This is an example of a future phrase for the first conjugate verb amare , "to love".
See the Latin conjugation for more details. The sound change in vulgar Latin makes the future shape difficult to distinguish from other verb forms (eg, amabit "he will love" vs. amavit "he loves"), and The simplest form of the future is gradually replaced by periphrastic structures involving infinitives and additional verbs, such as debere , venire , velle , or especially habere . All modern Roman languages ​​have the grammar of one of these periphrastic constructions to express the tensions of the future; none of them retained the original Latin period.
Future tense with habere
While Latin Classics use a set of suffixes to the main verb for a tense future, then Latin Vulgar adopts the use of habere ("has") with infinitives, such as:
not guilty, or not asking, will come "" they ask or not ask, it will come ")
From this construction, the major languages ​​of western romance have simple tense forms of the future that come from the infinitive followed by the conjugated form of the verb "to have" (Latin habere ). As an additional verb loses its capital strength (from a verb expressing obligation, desire, or intention, to a simple marker of tension), it also loses syntactic autonomy (into an enklitika) and phonological substance (eg, the first single Latin) habeo & gt; ayyo & gt; French Ancient ai , Modern French [e] ).
So the Latin verb sequence amare habeo ("I must love") brings up French aimerai , Spanish amarÃÆ'Â ©, , etc. "I will love".
The phonetic changes also affect infinitives in the evolution of this form, so in modern languages, the future stems are not always identical to infinitive. Consider the following Spanish examples:
- "out": infinitive drain -> sang the 3rd. future saldrá (not * salirá )
- "do": infinitive
-> Singular 3rd. future harÃÆ'¡ (not *
See the grammar articles for each language for more details about verb conjugation.
Romanian
Romanian, though the Roman language, Balkan-like patterns such as Greek and Serbo-Croatian (bf. Sprachbund) because of the use of the verb vortex ( want ):
- "love": infinitive a iubi -> 3rd sing. future va iubi
Romania also formed a future tension from the subjunctive, with previous particles, o , also derived from vrea :
- "love": infinitive a iubi -> 3rd sing. future of o s? iubeasc? (lit. (want) that he likes )
Portuguese
In Portuguese, a simple future, called "futuro do indicativo", is very similar to Spanish. However, the future can also be formed with additional verbs (i) go "in the present simple and with the main verb in the infinitive (vou cantar, vou bater, etc.), but it can not done for the verb ir , like something like "vou ir" will sound very strange.
In Portuguese the pronouns can be placed between the root verb and the end of the sentence of the future, as in dar-lhe-ei ("I will give it to you"), where the pronouns lhe ("to you") is entered into the future verb darei ("(I) will give"), between root ( dar ) and future tense ending ( ei ). This phenomenon is called mesoclisis.
Sardinian
Sardinia, due to the early breakup of Proto-Romance, features distinct features in its morphology. Particularly, in the tense future, the habeo (aero aere in Sardinia) is vice versa, and has no individual conjugations on the verb. Instead, aere is conjugated to the present tense, and another verb infinitive form is used. Thus, app'aere, app'appidu and app'aere appidu are the future, perfect, and perfect future.
Slavic languages ​​
Slovak
In Slovak, future forms are formed only with verbs with imperfect grammar aspects, with additional verbs by? (being) in the future:
For this auxiliary verb, the infinitive verb of the verb to be included in the future sentence is only added:
- robi? (to do, to work): budem robi? (I will work, I will work)
- hovori? (to speak, speak): budeme hovori? (we will talk/talk, we will talk/talk) Polish
The Polish language uses both suffixes and auxiliary verbs to express the sense of the future. The only verb that has its own future conjugate with? (be):
The strained future can be formed in two different ways depending on the verbal aspect. For imperfect verbs, Polish uses the future form by? plus the past form of the verb in a third or infinitive person. For example:
- mÃÆ'³wi? (to say/speak/speak/say):
- b? d? mÃÆ'³wi? (m)/mÃÆ'³wi? a (f)/mÃÆ'³wi? o (n)/mÃÆ'³wi? (I will say, I will say).
- b? dziesz mÃÆ'³wi? (m)/mÃÆ'³wi? a (f)/mÃÆ'³wi? o (n)/mÃÆ'³wi? (you will say, you will say).
- b? dzie mÃÆ'³wi? (m)/mÃÆ'³wi? a (f)/mÃÆ'³wi? o (n)/mÃÆ'³wi? (He will say he will say it).
- b? dziemy mÃÆ'³wili (mp)/mÃÆ'³wi? y (nmp)/mÃÆ'³wi? (We will say, we will say).
- b? dziecie mÃÆ'³wili (mp)/mÃÆ'³wi? y (nmp)/mÃÆ'³wi? (you will say, you will say).
- b? d? mÃÆ'³wili (mp)/mÃÆ'³wi? y (nmp)/mÃÆ'³wi? (They will say, they will say).
(m) refers to men, (f) for women and (n) is neutral, used with inanimate objects. In Plural, (mp) refers to the personal-masculine gender and (nmp) to the non-masculine-person. Infinitive forms are less common.
The perfect verb has only a past and a future shape. Since they have no present tense, the rules used to form present tense in an imperfect verb are used to give a sense of the future for a perfect verb. For example, the perfect form of mÃÆ'³wi? conjugated as follows:
- powiedzie? (to say/talk/talk/say)
-powi em (I will say, I will say)
-powi esz (you will say, you will say)
-powi e (He/she will say, he/she will say)
-powi emy (We will say, we will say)
-powi ecie (you will say, you will say)
-powiedz ? (They will say, they will say)
This example follows conjugate verbs in accordance with the -em, esz model. Other models are -am, asz , -?, Esz , -?, Isz and -?, Ysz . Irregular verbs can change their roots, but never have the purity (as in the above example where the root powi changes to powiedz in the third person).
Celtic Languages ​​
Scottish Gaelic
In the Scottish Gaelic language, future forms are formed in the regular verbs by adding aidh or idh to the end of the verb root ( idh if the final vowel in the root is i ).
- Dann. (dancing.) - & gt; Mi Dannsaidh. (I'll dance.)
- Cuir. (put.) - & gt; Cuiridh i. (He will wear.)
Entering cha before root makes a negative. The initial consonant from the root is lenited where possible, except for d , t or s , which in some cases is not passed. Chan is replaced if the root starts with the vowel or f followed by the vowel, which is also released.
- Cha tÃÆ' Â © id mi... (I will not go...)
- Chan fheuch am peasan sin idir. (The boy will not try at all.)
In interrogative, an is placed before the verbal root. If root starts with b , f , m , or p , am instead.
- What is sin? (Will you eat it?)
- Am pÃÆ'²g thu i? (Will you kiss it?)
As in English, some forms are irregular - most common verbs. For example, the root for the word "to see" is faic , but the positive future stride shape "will see" is chì .
The copula and will (will), not (will not), will (interogative), and not ( negative interrogative).
- I'm coming! (I'm coming!)
- Will not be here again. (He will not be here tomorrow.)
- Are you going out in the summer? (Are you going to go this summer?)
- Do you not live for a friend? (Will not you stay for food, sir?)
The liaison verb (to be) is gum bi (positive) or nach bi (negative).
- Tha ise ag rh dh gum bi esan a 'dol. (He said he would go.)
- Tha mi an dÃÆ'²chas nach bi iad sgÃÆ'¬th. (I hope they will not get tired.)
Ireland
In Irish, future forms are formed in two ways in the verbs, depending on the verb class. Class I verbs add faidh or fidh to the end of the root verb form ( fidh used if the final vowel in the root is e < i> or me ).
Class II verbs add ÃÆ'³idh or eoidh to the end of the verb root form ( eoidh used if the final vowel in the root is e < i>, i , or ÃÆ' ).
Both the first and second class verbs have a special form for 1st person plural :
- Glan. (net.) - & gt; Glanfaimid. (We will clean up.)
- Cuir. (put.) - & gt; Cuirfimid. (We will enter.)
- Eistigh. (listen to.) - & gt; Eisteoimid. (We will listen.)
- Imir. (put.) - & gt; Imreoimid. (We will play.)
The negative is formed by adding nÃÆ' . The initial consonant from its roots is lenited.
- NÃÆ' fhreastalÃÆ'³idh mÃÆ' Â ©... (I will not serve...)
In interrogative, an is placed before the root of the verb, which causes eclipsis.
- An iosfaith tÃÆ'º sin? (Will you eat it?)
- A bpogfaigh tÃÆ'º ÃÆ'? (Will you kiss it?)
Of the ten irregular verbs listed in Irish, six indicate an irregular future shape:
- Say. (say.) - & gt; He'll go (He'll say.) ( present say )
- Beir. (catch/take.) - & gt; It will happen (He will bring.) ( present beireann )
- Discover. (Get.) - & gt; He'll get it (He'll get.) ( present get )
- Ith. (eat.) - & gt; Will leave it (He will eat.) ( present eat )
- Tar. (coming in.) - & gt; Will come there (He'll come.) ( present tags )
- Teigh. (go.) - & gt; He'll go (He'll go.) ( present tà © ann )
One additional irregular verb has an alternative form of the future:
- Feic. (see.) - & gt; ChÃÆ'fidh sÃÆ'. (He will see.) ( future regular feicfidh )
The future of the verb tÃÆ'¡ (be) is beidh (1pl. beimid ). The copula is ("is") is is (will), nÃÆ' (will not), an ( interrogative), and nach (negative interrogative).
The connecting verb (which will) is go mbÃÆ' (positive) or nach bÃÆ' (negative).
- Duirt sÃÆ' go mbeidh sÃÆ' Â © ag dul. (He said he would leave.)
- TÃÆ'¡ sÃÆ'ºil agam nach mbeidh tuirse acu. (I hope they will not get tired.)
Welsh
In Welsh, most verbal functions are expressed using constructs with bodys (being). The future can be expressed in the same way using the future tense of bodys .
Fe fydda me yn (I will...)
Fe fyddi in yn... (you will...)
Fe fydd e yn... (he will...) etc.
- (The affirmative sign "fe" has no real translation in English and can be easily abandoned or replaced with 'mi' in North Wales.Words should not be confused with subject pronouns that follow the verb in the language Welsh).
More generally Welsh uses construction with "Mynd" (to go)
"I'm going to see the movie tomorrow" (Saya akan melihat film besok)
The future can also be expressed using words that imply future action
I'm going there today : Saya akan that's healthy to go.
A simple future, which uses the verb conjugated suffix, is used to express the determination of action or to emphasize the belief in results. As in the future bodys , affirmative markers are fe .
Semitic
Hebrew
The Hebrew Bible has the distinction between past tenses and a similar future in form with those used in other Semitic languages ​​such as Arabic and Aramaic. Gesenius refers to the form of the verb of the past and the future as Perfect and Not Perfect, respectively, separating the completed action from incomplete actions. However, the use of verbs in these forms does not necessarily have the same temporal meanings as in the Indo-European language, mainly because of the general usage of the time reference inverting constructs with the prefix "successive waw" (? '????). With this construct, Perfect-consecutive refers to the future and Imperfect-consecutive refers to the past.
The imperfect use to discuss future events is somewhat unusual in the Hebrew Bible, since the Bible deals primarily with past events. This can be found in quoted utterances, as in the words of Moses (an imperfect verb emphasized):
The Perfect-consecutive is generally found in the prophetic text, describing unspecified future, as in Isaiah:
Modern Hebrew always uses imperfections as a strained future (and perfect as past form). The use of "Waw consecutive" practically disappeared, except quotes from the Bible and the Poetic language.
Arabic
To form a tense future in Arabic, the prefix (??) "sa" is added to the current verb, or (???) "sawfa".
For example, note the sentence: I eat apples & gt; "???? ??????" "Akulu tuffahan"
To express the future, we have two ways: I will eat apples & gt; "?????? ??????" "I'm a Toothbrush" or: I'll eat an apple & gt; "??? ???? ??????" "Sawfa akulu tuffahan"
The first is written as part of the verb, while the latter is written as Clitic to indicate the future but precedes the verb.
In Classical Arabic, the latter shows the individual future action that usually occurs further in the future than the first mentioned form, which is usually used with verbs associated with other acts, and mostly refers to a somewhat closer action in the future. However, in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) the difference is minimal.
Moreover, the indication of tense futures in Arabic dialects varies considerably from one dialect to the next. In general, words that mean "want" (???/???? ??), "go to" (????), "intend to" (????/????) , and many others are used daily to demonstrate future action. Interestingly, in Moroccan Arabic, the word "Ghad" (???) is used to denote the future, which literally means "there" (or will happen), which in some ways resembles the English formation "there I go.. "
Chinese Mandarin
Chinese Mandarin does not have a grammar, but instead shows the time of action from the context or use an adverb. However, additional verbs?/? - huÃÆ'¬ /??? `, a capital which means" can "," know how ", can as an alternative show the future. For the lexical future, the word ? yÃÆ' o , which can serve as a verb meaning "to desire", can also serve as an annotation which means "immediately": For example, ???? w? yÃÆ' o x? z? o can mean "I want to take a bath" or "I'll take a bath". ? jÃÆ' ?? ji? ng serves a function similar to an alert word.
Creoles
Creole is a language with a vocabulary that relies heavily on superstrate languages ​​but grammar based on substrate language and/or universal language tendencies. Some Creole models become the future mood tense/irrealist marker on the "go" of superstrate (analogous to English "I will"). In many creoles the future can be shown with a progressive aspect, analogous to English "I see him tomorrow." In general, creole tends to be less emphasizing on tense tagging than on marking aspects. When one of the tense, aspect, and modalities is determined, they are usually indicated by an invariant pre-verbal marker in the anterior relative sequence (before the time is focused on), irrealist mode (conditional or future), imperfect aspects.
Jamaican English Creole
The future marker in Jamaican Creole is/de go/or/a go/:/de go hapm/"will happen",/mi a go? On/"I will run".
Belizean Creole English
In Belizean Creole, the tense future is shown by the mandatory invariant particle/(w) a (n)/,/gwein/, or/gou?/.
Gullah
In the future Gullah is shown by the pre-verbal gwine marker: Uh gwine he'p dem "I will help them."
Hawaiian Creole English
In Hawaiian Creole, the pre-verbal future marker is gon : Ai gon bai wan pickup "I will buy pickup".
Haitian Creole
Haitian Creole, based on the French superstrate, alternately uses the pral or va (from the French third person singular va "goes") pre-verbally to the show future: Mwen va fini lit. "I'm finished"; Li pral vini jodi a "He will come today".
References
External links
- 4 Tenses of the Future Explained
- Grammar References and Exercises
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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