hackamore is a type of animal head cover that lacks a bit. Instead, it has a special kind of noseband that works at pressure points on the face, nose, and chin. It is most often associated with a particular horse's horse style.
Hackers are most often seen in western riding styles and other riding styles derived from Spanish traditions, and are sometimes seen in some of England's riding disciplines such as skipping and stadium phases. Various designs of hackamore are also popular for driving endurance. While commonly used to start young horses, they are often seen in adult horses with teething problems that make little painful use, and on horses with mouth or tongue injuries that will be exacerbated by few. Some riders also like to use it in the winter to avoid plugging a little bit of frozen metal into the horse's mouth.
There are many styles, but classic hackamore is a design that features noseband bossal , and sometimes also called "bossal" or "hackamore bossal." It has a long string control called mecate and may also add a stabilizing necklatch type called a fiador, which is held to hackamore by browband. Another design with heavy nosebands is also called hackamores, although some designs with no bits with light nosebands that work from tension rather than weight are also called bits without bits. A noseband with shank and pavement chain to add leverage is called hackamore mechanic, but it is not regarded as actual hackamore. A simple leather noseband, or cavesson, is not a hackamore; noseband is commonly used along with little and bridle.
Like a little, hackamore can be soft or rough, depending on the hands of the rider. The horse's face is very soft and sensitive with many nerve endings. Misuse of hackamore not only can cause pain and swelling of the nose and jaw, but improper mounting combined with rough use can cause damage to cartilage in the horse's nose.
Video Hackamore
Origins
The word "hackamore" comes from the Spanish word jÃÆ'¡quima, which means headstall or halter, which comes from the ancient Spanish xaquima . The Spaniards have obtained the term from the Arabic ? Ak? Ma , (bit), from ? Akama (for the bridle). From Americanized pronunciation of jaquima, the spelling of "hackamore" entered English written in 1850, shortly after the Mexican-American War.
The first hackamore may be a piece of string placed around the nose or horse's head shortly after domestication, perhaps as early as 4,000 BC. Early devices for controlling horses may have been adapted from the equipment used to control camels. Over time, sophisticated means of using nose pressure developed. The Persians began with the reign of Darius, c. 500 BC, is one of the first cultures known to have used thick noseband to help horses see and move in the same direction. This device, called hakma, also adds a third control on the nose, and is an innovation that allows the rider to reach the collection by helping the horse bend at the polls. The third control then moves from the top of the noseband to the bottom of the chin, where it is still part of the modern mecate control used on bossal -style hackamore. Persian horse-enhanced training techniques then influenced works on horseback riding by Greek military commander Xenophon. The heavy Noseband itself came to be known by many names, retaining the name hakma in Persian-Arabic, but becoming cavesson in French, and bossal in Spanish language. Other modern descendants are modern long cavities that include heavy noseband with nose control, but are used for longeing, not for horseback riding.
The tradition of hackamore usage in the United States comes from the people of California Spain, who are highly respected for their horse handling ability. From this tradition, American cowboys adopted hackamore and two usage schools developed: The "buckaroo" or "California" tradition, most similar to the original vaqueros, and the "Texas" tradition, which incorporates several Spanish techniques with methods from the eastern states, creating a separate and unique style derived from the area. Today, this is the most famous of the various "preservation without bits" systems of controlling horses.
The word "hackamore" has defined many ways, both as a dumbbell and as a type of reins. However, both terms are primarily descriptive. The traditional jaquima hackamore consists of a headstall, boss and mecate tied into the loop of control and lead rope. It is not really a dumbbell or just a bridle without the slightest bit. "Anyone who makes a statement that hackamore is just another kind of halter... only admits that he does not know anything about this nice piece of equipment."
Maps Hackamore
Type
Today, hackers can be made of leather, raw leather, straps, wires or various plastics, sometimes along with metal parts. The main types are the more modern bosal classic and sidepull, although other designs based on nose pressure loosely fall into this category. The assortment of other rope headdress designs, often classed as "mules without bits", is not a true hackamores. These include "non-cross" strikes, which use strain straps to control horses, and mechanical "robberies", which have a leverage shaft.
Bosal
bossal or ; Spanish pronunciation: Ã, [bo'sal] ) are classic noseband elements jaquima or true hackamore, and are seen primarily in western-style riding. It comes from the Spanish tradition of vaquero . It consists of a fairly rigid raw noseband with a control attached to a large knot or "button" (Sp. bossal ) at the base from which the design gets its name. Control is made of a specially bonded rope called mecate ( in this usage; Spanish pronunciation: Ã, [me'kate] ), which is tied in a certain way to adjust the bosal size, and to make a circular loop with an extra length of rope that can be used as a lead line. In the Texas tradition, where the low bosses on the horses face, and on the very inexperienced ("green") horses both in California (vaquero) and the Texas tradition, a special strap neckline called < i> fiador is added, runs over polls to the boss, attached to hackamore by browband. The fiador keeps the brain heavily balanced properly in the horse's head without rubbing or excessive pressure on the nose. However, it also limits the action of the boss, and is thus removed after the horse is comfortably under the saddle. The terms mecate and fiador are sometimes in the United States as "McCarty" or "McCarthy" and "Theodore," but they are considered untrue by western hackamore invaders.
Bosal acts on a horse's nose and jaw, and is most commonly used to start young horses under the saddle in the Vaquero tradition of "California-style" cowboys. Bosal is a very sophisticated and versatile hackamore style. Bosals come in a variety of diameters and weights, allowing a more skilled horse to "pass" into lighter equipment. After a young horse is trained with a strong boss, little can be added and the horse gradually shifts from hackamore to a bit. Although designed to be soft, Bosals are tools intended for use by experienced trainers and should not be used by beginners, as they can be rude in the wrong hands.
Bosal acts as a signal device that provides a pre-to-horse signal by lifting the heel knot from the chin when the rider takes control. This gives the horse time to be prepared for the upcoming cues. Hackamore is traditionally used one control at a time, with fluctuating pressure. Pulling back on both controls with steady pressure teaches the horse to resist and fight, which is the opposite of hackamore intent. Hackamores are used in the classic tradition of Vaquero to teach the softness of a young horse, and put pressure easily while leaving the mouth untouched for later practice. Bosals come in a variety of diameters and weights, allowing a more skilled horse to "pass" into lighter equipment. After a young horse is trained strongly with the boss, the shovel is added and the horse gradually shifts from hackamore to a bit, to make the horse bridle complete. Some horses have never been diverted to the bridle, and it is possible to use hackamore for horse life.
Sidepulls
The sidepull is a bosal-inspired modern design, though this is not an actual hackamore. It is a heavy noseband with a side ring that fastens the bridles on both sides of the head, allowing direct pressure to be applied from side to side. The noseband is made of leather, raw leather, or strap with leather or synthetic straps under the jaw, held by a leather or synthetic headstall. Sidepulls are mainly used to start young horses or horses that can not carry a bit. While the severity can be increased by using a lighter or thinner string, the side does not have the boss's sophistication. The main advantage of sidepull over the bosal is that it provides a much stronger direct lateral command and is slightly easier for an unsophisticated rider to use. Once the horse understands the basic commands, however, the coach needs to switch to the boss or to the little snaffle to further perfect the horse training. If made from soft materials, sidepull can be useful for beginners, so they do not hurt their horse's mouth when they learn control aids.
English drivers sometimes use the leap lot, or hackamore jump , which is a hackamore type consisting of heavy leather nosepiece (usually with a cable or rope inside) with a ring on the side for control, similar to sidepull, but more fitting and capable of delivering smoother commands. A jump jump is placed on a standard English style headstall and is often indistinguishable at a distance from the standard bridle. It is often used on horses that can not tolerate little or in those who have mouth or tongue wounds.
Mechanical hackamore
A hackamore mechanic , sometimes called hack bit , English hackamore , or brockamore , belongs to the hacker category only because it is a tool that works on the nose and not in the mouth. However, it also uses shank and leverage, so it is not the actual hackamore. Because of its length, metal rods and pavement chains that run beneath the jaw, it works similarly to the curb and has the same risk of rough use in the hands of rough riders. Hackamore techniques do not have bit or bossal sophistication, can not change horses easily, and are mainly used for considerable stopping power. While bosamore bosses are legal in many types of western competition in horse events, hackamore mechanics are not allowed; its use is mainly limited to the pleasure of horseback riding, horseback riding, and the kind of competition like rodeo, where the bitting rules are light enough.
Other tools
Like the hackamore mechanics, various modern headstall designs known as "bitless bridles" or "cross-under bitless bridles" are also not actual hackamore, although they are few in number. This device uses a variety of ropes around the nose and polls to apply pressure by tightening the headstall in certain areas. They are not as smooth as bossal, but serve many of the same purposes as sidepull and are generally lighter than most hackamores mechanics.
Some people also ride horses with dumbbells. Wrist straps fitted close to the nodes in the nose, buttons like a boss in the jaw and two attached ropes can act in a way similar to a light head or neck boss. Instead, the ordinary stable halter use as a headgear for controlling a horse is, as a rule, dangerous practices because stable halter has no way of increasing the influence to control by the rider if the horse is panicked.
See also
- Little bridle
- Bosses
- Bridle
- Horse nails
- Noseband
Note
References
- Bennett, Deb (1998) Conqueror: The Roots of Horsemanship New World. Amigo Publications Inc; First edition. ISBN: 0-9658533-0-6
- Connell, Ed (1952) Hackamore Reinsman. Press Longhorn, Cisco, Texas. The Fifth Print, August 1958.
- Miller, Robert M. and Rick Lamb. (2005) Horseman Revolution Lyons Press ISBNÃ, 1-59228-387-X
- Miller, Robert W. (1974) Horse Behavior and Training. Big Sky Books, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
- Rollins, Philip A. (1922) The Cowboy: His Character, His Fixtures, and His Parts in Western Development, the son of C. Scribner, 353 pages.
- Williamson, Charles O. (1973) Solving and Training the Stock Horse. Caxton Printers, Ltd., 6th ed. (1st Ed., 1950). ISBNÃ, 0-9600144-1-1
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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