A jet injector is a type of medical hypodermic needle that uses a narrow-pressed jet of injection fluid instead of a hypodermic needle to penetrate the epidermis. It is supported by compressed air or gas, either from a pressure hose from a large cylinder, or from a built-in gas cartridge, a small cylinder, or a spring (as in MadaJet, Mediation Vision, Vitajet, Injex 23 and 30, or Insujet).
Jet injectors are used for bulk vaccinations, and as an alternative to syringes for diabetics to inject insulin. As well as the use of healthcare, similar devices are used in other industries to inject fats or other fluids.
The term "hypospray," though better known in science fiction, comes from a jet injector actually known as Hypospray and has been cited in several scientific articles.
Video Jet injector
Jenis
An injector jet, also known as a jet gun injector, air gun, or pneumatic injector, is a medical device that uses high-pressure jet liquid medicines to penetrate the skin and deliver and store medications under the skin, without needles. The jet injector may be a single or multi-dose jet injector.
Throughout the year, jet injectors have been redesigned to address the risk of contamination on subsequent subjects.
To try to stop the risk, the researchers placed a disposable protective cap over a reusable nozzle. The protective cover is intended to act as a shield between the reusable nozzle and the patient's skin. After each injection, the lid will be removed and replaced with a sterile. This device is known as a needle-free protector or PCNFI.
However, a safety test by Kelly and colleagues (2008) found PCNFI devices failed to prevent contamination. After giving injections to Hepatitis B patients, researchers found Hepatitis B had penetrated the protective cap and contaminated the internal components of a jet injector, suggesting that the internal fluid pathway and the patient's contact parts could not be reused safely.
The researchers developed a new jet injection design by combining the drug reservoir, plunger and nozzle into single use disposable cartridges. The cartridge is placed to the end of the injector jet and when activated the rod pushes the plunger forward. This device is known as a disposable jet injector cartridge or DCJI.
The International Standards Organization recommends not to use the name "jet injector" that is associated with the risk of cross contamination and refers more to newer devices as "needle-free injectors."
Brand of needle-free needle modern
The Biojector 2000 is a gas-cartridge powered injector jet brand. It is claimed by the manufacturer that can give intramuscular injection and subcutaneous injection up to 1 milliliter. The part that touches the patient's skin is disposable and can be easily replaced. This can be supported from large compressed gas tubes rather than gas cartridges. It was made by Bioject.
The Vision (MJ7) is a compact spring-loaded jet injector. It can provide up to 1.6ml in 0.03ml increase, and is designed to last 3000 injections. The drug runs through a hole in a needle-free needle that is approximately half the diameter of a 30 gauge needle. The touching part of the patient's skin can be used for a week. This device was designed by Antares Pharma (formerly Medi-Jector).
The PharmaJet Needle-Free Injector delivers either intramuscular or subcutaneous vaccine through a narrow and precise narrow fluid syringe that supplies a drug or vaccine through the skin in a tenth of a second.
Diabetics have used jet injectors in the United States for at least 20 years. All of these devices have been loaded in the spring. At its peak, jet injectors accounted for only 7% of the injector market. Currently, the only model available in the United States is Injex 23 . In the United Kingdom, Insujet has recently entered the market. Starting June 2015, Insujet is available in the UK and selected countries.
J-Tip is a single-use, sterile single-jet injector that completely regulates subcutaneous lidocaine prior to routine needle procedures such as IV start and blood taking. J-Tip is used as a source for needle procedure with anesthesia effect within 1-2 minutes. It is used in hospitals throughout the United States.
Maps Jet injector
Worries
Because jet injectors break the skin barrier, there is a risk of blood and biological material being transferred from one user to the next. Research on the risk of cross-contamination emerged immediately after the invention of jet injection technology.
There are three types of problems inherent with the jet injector:
Splash-back
Splash-back refers to the flow of jets through the outer shell at high speed causing the jet stream to bounce back and contaminate the nozzle.
Splash back examples have been published by several researchers. Samir Mitragrotri visually captures splash-back after using a multi-use jet injector nozzle using high-speed microcinematography. Hoffman and colleagues (2001) also observed the nozzle fluid pathway and the internal fluid from contaminated jet injectors.
The fluid sucks back
The sucking fluid occurs when the blood remaining in the nozzle from the injector jet is sucked back into the orifice injector, contaminating the next dose to be fired.
The CDC has recognized that the world's most used injector jet, Ped-O-Jet, sucks fluid back into the gun. "After the injection, they [CDC] observed the remaining fluid in the Ped-O-Jet nozzle that was sucked back into the tool after locking and refilling for subsequent injection (beyond the reach of the alcohol swabs or acetone swabs)," said Dr. Bruce Weniger.
Retrograde Flow
The retrograde flow occurs after the jet stream penetrates the skin and creates a hole, if jet flow pressure causes the spray, after mixing with tissue and blood fluid, to rebound back out of the hole, against incoming jet stream and return to the nozzle hole.
This problem has been reported by many researchers.
Hepatitis B can be transmitted by less than one million milliliters so the injector maker must ensure there is no cross contamination between applications. The World Health Organization no longer recommends jet injections for vaccination because of the risk of disease transmission.
A number of studies have found cross-infection of the disease from jet injections. Experiments using rats, published in 1985, show that jet injectors often transmit LDV virus infections from one mouse to another. Other studies use the device on the calf, then test the remaining fluid in the injector for blood. Each injector they tested has enough blood that can be detected in an amount sufficient to transmit viruses such as hepatitis B.
From 1984-1985 a weight loss clinic in Los Angeles, California administered human chorionic gonadotropin with Med-E-Jet injectors. CDC investigations found 57 of the 239 people who had received jet injections tested positive for hepatitis B.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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