mountain bikes or mountain bikes (abbreviated Mtn Bike or MTB) are bicycles designed for off-road cycling. Mountain bikes have something in common with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to improve durability and performance in rough terrain. This usually includes front or full suspension, large tires, more durable wheels, stronger brakes, straight handlebars, and lower gear ratios for steep climbs. Mountain bikes are usually driven on mountain trails, singletrack, ramp, and other unpaved surfaces. This type of field usually has rocks, roots, loose soil, and steep inclines. Many paths have additional TTF features such as piles of logs, logs, stone gardens, skinnies, gap jumps, and rides on the walls. Mountain bikes are built to handle this type of terrain and features. Heavy duty construction combined with a stronger rim and wider tires also make this bike style popular among urban riders and couriers who have to navigate through cavities and through steep roads.
Since the development of the sport in the 1970s, many new subtypes of mountain biking have grown, such as cross-country (XC), endurance throughout the day, freeride, downhill, and various types of tracks and slalom. Each of these places demands different on the bike, requiring different designs for optimal performance. The development of MTB has led to an increase in suspension travel, now often up to 8 inches (200 mm), and preparing up to 27 speeds, to facilitate fast ascent and landing. Progress in adjustment has also led to the trend of "1x" (pronounced "one after the other"), simplifying shifting to a chain on the front and cassette at the back, usually with 9-12 sprockets.
The expression "all bike terrain", "all field motors", and acronym "ATB" is used as a synonym for "mountain bike", but some writers consider them passing.
Video Mountain bike
History
The original mountain bikes modified heavy cruiser bikes are used for mountain-free paths down the mountain. This sport became popular in the 1970s in Northern California, USA, with riders using an older single speed balloon tire bike to climb the steep hillside. Joe Breeze, a bike frame maker, used this idea and developed what he considered the first mountain bike.
It was not until the late 1970s and early 1980s that road bikes started producing mountain bikes using high-tech lightweight materials, such as aluminum M4. The first production mountain bike available was the 1979 Lawwill Pro Cruiser. The frame design is based on the frame that Don Koski made from the power lines and the Schwinn Varsity frame. Mert Lawwill has Terry Knight of Oakland building frames. The bike sells for about $ 500 new and is made from 1979 though 1980 (estimated run of 600 bikes).
The first mass-produced mountain bike was the Special Stumpjumper, first produced in 1981. With the increasing popularity of mountain bikes, Randolph (Randy) Ross, executive vice president of Ross Bicycles Inc., quoted in the New York Times said I would say this bike is one of the biggest things that ever happened to the bicycle industry. The basic view is the "total shift in the picture" for the industry.
Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, mountain biking moved from lesser known sports to mainstream activities complete with international racing circuits and world championships, in addition to various freeride competitions, such as the FMB World Tour and Red Bull Rampage.
Maps Mountain bike
Design
Mountain bikes can be divided into three broad categories based on the suspension configuration:
- Rigid : Mountain bike with large and curved tires and straight handlebars, but without front or rear suspension.
- Full suspension (or double suspension ): Mountain bikes equipped with front and rear suspensions. The front suspension is usually a telescopic fork similar to a motorcycle, and the back is hung by mechanical connections with the component to absorb the shock.
Design-oriented discipline
There are several different mountain biking styles, usually determined by terrain, and therefore the type of bike used. The style of mountain biking and mountain biking has evolved rapidly in recent years leading to terms like Freeride and "Trail bike" used to categorize mountain bikes. The definitions for the most used terms are listed below.
Cross bikes (XC) mountain bikes are designed primarily around cross-country racing disciplines, placing emphasis on climbing speed and endurance, and therefore demanding light and efficient bikes. In the 1980s and early 1990s, XC mountain bikes typically consisted of a lightweight hard steel frame with a rigid fork. Throughout the 1990s XC bikes evolved to incorporate lightweight aluminum frames and short journey (65-110 mm) front suspension forks. Recently the full suspension design has become more popular among riders and fans, and the use of advanced carbon fiber composites has enabled bicycle designers to manufacture full suspension designs under 10 kilograms (22 pounds). In recent years, 29 "wheels have replaced the original 26 standard"; the men's and women's US marathon race race was won on 29ers in 2009 and 2010. Cross Country bike geometry supports climbing ability and quick response to descending and stability, and as a result a typical head angle is 70-71 Â °. Although intended for off-street use, Cross Country bikes are not designed for use on steep or extremely rugged terrains. Put in the rider's emphasis, the XC bike is designed for about 80% uphill or flat riding, and 20% decreases.
"Bikes Trail is the development of XC bikes commonly used by recreational mountain bikers either in" trace centers "built or in natural off-road lanes. They typically have about 5 "(120-140 mm) travel, weigh 11 to 15 kilograms (24 to 33 pounds), and have a geometry located somewhere between the full XC and the All-Mountain bikes.Examples include Giant Trance, Fuel Tracks The EX series, and the Specialized Stumpjumper FSR, among many others, with less emphasis on weight, the dirt bike is usually built to handle rougher terrain than a dedicated XC bike when it has an idler head angle (68-69 Â °) that provides stability Larger Trail bikes are designed for about 60-70% uphill, and 30-40% uphill.
Enduro/all-mountain (AM) bikes bridge the gap between cross-country and freeride bicycles, such as Remedy Tracks and Enduro Special series, typically weighing between 13 to 16 kilograms (29 to 35 pounds). These bikes tend to feature a larger suspension journey, often 6 inches (150 mm) or 7 inches (180 mm) from frequent front and rear journeys on the newer mid-and high-end bikes, 65-66 Â °). Designed to be able to climb and descend well, the bike is intended for use on all-day rides involving both steep and steep climbs, hence the term 'all mounts'. In terms of aggressiveness, the bike is intended to be anywhere from 50-70% uphill, and 30-50% uphill, bridging the gap between the road and the bike downhill. In recent years, there has been little split between the Enduro and All-Mountain bikes, with the former putting more emphasis on offspring because of the increased emphasis on downhill running time in Enduro racing when compared to the more common mountain climbs.
Downhill bike (DH) typically has 8 inches (200 mm) or more of suspension travel, and is very low, sagging geometry (head angle 63-64 Â °) intended to set the rider in a comfortable position when down a steep road at high speed. Due to the often high gear ratios, soft suspensions, and aggressive geometries, Downhill bikes are ideal for driving only on special tracks or race courses, almost universally requiring bikes to be carried or ridden on hills rather than riding. The descending framework is often meant for racing, and thus is required to be extremely durable and lightweight. Bicycle designers often use the same materials in skeletal construction and Downhill and XC components (eg carbon fiber), although their goals are very different, because the ultimate goal of the high strength and weight ratio is the same. In recent years, more sophisticated frame and component designs have resulted in high-end downhill bikes with equal weight to the average Trail and All-Mountain bikes, with the increased expectation that complete downhill bikes stay below £ 40 18 kg) even in the budget model. This advancement, along with increased speed and strength in races, and the use of frame downhill for freeride applications, has necessitated or inspired many unique design features and advancements in present designs on Downhill bikes, many of which later found usage on less aggressive types of bikes (bash guards, clutch derailleurs, wide handlebars, advanced air suspension, bimetal brake rim, slack and long geometry). Several types of speed bike records have been registered using Downhill bikes.
Freeride (FR) mountain bikes are similar to downhill bikes, with little emphasis on weight and more on power, although many frame and component manufacturers no longer distinguish them in downward oriented products. Freeride bikes have many suspensions and usually have at least 7 inches (180 mm) travel. The freeride bikes are intended to feature the trail with large air time, such as leaps and falls, and are thus designed to handle the impact of weight, either from landing or crashes. Frames and freeride parts are rarely made of carbon fiber because of their strength and durability and are usually made of aluminum, sacrificing marginal weight gain for a more predictable material response under heavy usage. Certain special freeride bikes can be ridden more easily than a downhill bike, but are inefficient in pedaling and difficult to maneuver while cornering up. Originally, the freeride bikes were between All-Mountain bikes and downhill in geometry, with steeper frame angles than those found on declining bikes and higher rider positions, enhanced maneuverability on technical features or low speeds commonly found in line styles "North Shore". Freeride bicycles typically weigh from 14 to 20 kilograms (31 to 44 pounds), with wide variability generated from the various components that apply to that purpose. Slopestyle and Dirt Jump motors fall into this category by some, for the same purpose, but the difference in bicycle design is significant between the three.
Melted mountain bikes, urban and roads are located somewhere in between BMX bikes and freeride bikes. They are either arranged as rigid or hardtail bikes, with 3 to 4.5 inch (76-118 mm) front suspension, and rigid, durable frames with low bottom brackets and short chainstays to improve maneuverability. Dirt Jump bikes often overlap in design with Four-Cross bikes, although the discipline is largely unpopular, with many frames including detachable derailleur hook and/or integrated chain tensioner to allow for single speed and multi-speed settings (Four-Cross Most bikes use derailleurs while Dirt Jumper usually uses a single speed setting). Tires on these bikes usually have a diameter of 24 or 26 ", slick fast-rolling or semi-slicks, with a narrow casing (about 1.8-2.2"). The dirt jumper usually has a low seatpost and a large handlebar, to make room for the trick. Most dirt jumpers have an extended rear brake cable mounted and do not have a front brake, which allows the rider to turn the handle a few times without a brake cable cable.
Slopestyle (SS) The bike is a strange mixture of Dirt Jump and Freeride bikes, has a geometry similar to Dirt Jumpers, but with about 4 "(100mm) travel suspension both front and rear. professional slopestyle riders, this special use is their origin, and is therefore designed for the enormous leaps and high speeds encountered in the competition.The frame can be adapted from existing All-Mountain or Freeride designs or specially designed for its purpose, with a frame design durable and sophisticated suspension connections to maximize minimum suspension travel. These motors typically have relatively slack head angles, relative to short suspension trips, with a slightly more aggressive overall geometry than many Dirt Jumpers These bikes are often equipped with a mixture of Dirt Jump interface specifications and All-Mountain (headset size, bottom bracket style, l axle and rear axle diameter, rear derailleur hanger) to accommodate Freeride and Dirt Jump components as necessary to handle high speed and hard impact associated with its use. Slopestyle bikes are also used for downhill light or trail riding by many, if not riding jumps on the same scale as professional racers, with durability and sophisticated suspension design that allows for extra flexibility when compared to Dirt Jump bikes.
Trial bikes are set very specific for bicycle testing purposes. Two types of test bikes exist, which have 26 "wheels (referred to as 'stock') and those with 20" wheels (referred to as 'mod' because historically they modify BMX bikes). They usually have no suspension at all, although some still use some form. The competition rules require bikes to have lots of gear for the competition, but most riders never use their shifter. The competition rules do not require mod bikes to have gears. Many non-competitive riders run a single speed, choosing a high-speed torque gear that is low enough. Most modern test bikes have no seats at all, because the rider spends his entire time out of the saddle, and riding trials are not conducive to saddle use as control interfaces as on normal mountain biking. This bike is significantly lighter than almost all other mountain bikes, ranging from 7 to 11 pounds (15 to 24 pounds). This makes maneuvering the bike much easier.
Single-speed mountain bikes (SS) have a set of gear ratios. The selected gear ratio depends on the field being driven, the strength and skill of the rider, and the size of the bike (bicycle with 29 wheels "often requires different gearing from a bicycle with a 26" wheel). Often the single speed is completely rigid, steel-rimmed bikes. These are usually driven by highly fit individuals on light to medium-sized cross-country terrains.
The mountain cross or the "Four-Cross" (4X) is a type of racing in which four bikers race down the prepared BMX style track. These bikes are generally included in the Dirt Jump or Slopestyle design category, with the main difference being the use of derailleur rather than a single speed setting, or the lazy bit head angle of a regular Dirt Jump bike to improve stability at race speed. Four-Cross racing has fallen in popularity recently, with UCI removing Four-Cross from the World Cup due to excessive erosion and inconvenience caused by race tracks built with purpose.
Dual slalom (DS) is similar to Four-cross, but instead of four cyclists competing during the race, there are only two, races in parallel paths. Courses are generally more technical with a smaller jump than the Four-cross program. The Double Slalom race originally took place on the grass slopes with gates and minimal jumps, but is now held on a man-made course. Double slalom racers will usually use Dirt Jump, Slopestyle, or Dirt Jump bikes.
Indycross (IX) is basically a Mountain Cross event featuring a variety of features run by one competitor each time.
Bicycle North Shore is very similar to freeride bikes in geometry and downhill bikes in their makeup components. Since the northern shore performances have evolved to include not only simple and elaborate bridges but also large drops and high speeds through a series of north coast bike stunts generally have many trips such as downhill and freeride bikes, but with more agile and maneuvering frame designs, and often weights lighter.
Dirt track racing circle In this racing class there is a type of bike that is used, most often a hard tail mountain bike with front suspension. Many different modifications are made to track racing bikes, such as reducing the weight of the bike, improving braking power, trying different cambers (so when the bike bends the tires more aligned with the tracks thus creating more grip), and trying different gear ratios.
In the early days of mountain biking, all mountain bikes are rather special, homemade machines, and used for a number of stunts, tricks, races, or other activities. The general design of the bikes is similar. As the sport grows, more specialized designs and equipment are introduced. Further market segmentation beyond the simple front suspension of the XC bike began to occur in the mid-1990s, as manufacturers of bicycles and large equipment were able to serve specifically to change the demands.
Modern design
Gears
Since the 1980s, mountain bikes have speeds ranging from 7 to 27, with 1 to 3 links on the crankset and 4 to 12 sprockets in the cogset. Speed ​​30 and 33-speed mountain bike speeds are found to be unworkable, such as the mud-shedding ability of a 10-speed or 11-speed cassette, and the intricacies of the 10-speed or 11-speed rear derailleur never match. However, many pro-level mountain bikers have used a narrow 10-speed road chain with 9-speed adjustment in an effort to reduce their bicycle weight. In early 2009, the SRAM component group announced the release of their XX group, which uses 2-speed front derailleur, and 10-speed rear derailleur and cassette, similar to a road bike. The mud-shedding capability of their 10-speed XX cassette is made according to MTB use by extensive CNC machines from tapes. Due to the time and cost involved in such products, they are only intended for top-end XC racers. However, 10-speed has become the norm in 2011 and Shimano's market leader even offers its budget group "Alivio" in the 10-speed version. In July 2012, SRAM announced a 1x11 drivetrain called XX1 that does not use front derailleur for lighter weight and simplicity. In the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, all major riders used 1x11 drivetrains. SRAM's new 1x12 gearing was introduced in 2016 as SRAM Eagle. This gives one motorcycle chain a better ability to climb.
Geometry
The critical angle in the bicycle's geometry is the angle of the head (the angle of the head tube), and the angle of the seat tube (the angle of the seat tube). These angles are measured from the horizontal, and drastically affect the position of the rider and the performance characteristics of the bike. The geometry of the mountain bike will often feature a corner of the seat tube of about 73 degrees, with the angle of the head tube of 60-73 degrees. Applications intended for bicycles greatly affect its geometry. In general, steep angles (closer to 90 degrees than horizontally) are more efficient for pedaling the hills and making handling sharper. The idler angle (leaning further than the vertical) is preferred for high speed and decreased stability.
Suspension
In the past mountain bikes had rigid skeletons and forks. In the early 1990s, the first mountain bike with a suspension fork was introduced. It makes riding on rugged terrain easier and less physically stressful. The first front suspension fork has a suspension ride of about 1 ½ to 2 inches (38 to 50 mm). Once the suspension is introduced, bikes with front suspension and rigid, non-suspension, or "hardtail" rear wheels become popular almost overnight. While hardtail designs have lower cost benefits, less maintenance, and better paddling efficiency, it is slowly losing popularity due to improvements in full suspension design. Front fork suspension is now available with 8 inches (200 mm) travel or more (see below under "Design.")
Many new mountain bikes integrate the "full suspension" design known as the Double Suspension, which means that the front and rear wheels are equipped with shock absorbers in some shape like the wheels attached to the bike. This provides a smoother ride because the front and rear wheels can now move up and down to absorb the power of the obstacles that hit the tire. Bicycle dual suspension of the same quality is much more expensive, but this increase in price brings a remarkable off-road performance improvement because the dual suspension bikes are much faster on the down and technical/rugged parts, than other forms of mountain bikes. This is because when the wheel breaks down barriers, the tendency is to rise. Because some of the forward energy is lost in upward motion, some velocity is lost. The Double Suspension bicycle solves this problem by absorbing upward power and sending it to the front and rear shocks, drastically lowering future momentum translations into useless upward movements. Lack of rear suspension is weight increase, increased price, and with some design, reduces pedaling efficiency, this is especially noticeable when cycling on roads and lanes. Initially, the initial rear suspension design was too heavy, and prone to swinging or locking.
Disc brakes
Most new mountain bikes use disc brakes. They offer much better braking power (lower lever pressure is required to provide greater braking modulation) through the rim brakes under all conditions especially bad conditions, as they are located in the center of the wheel (in the wheel hub). Therefore they remain drier and cleaner than the wheel rims, which are more easily dirty or damaged. The disadvantage of disc brakes is the increased cost and the often greater weight. Well set up V brakes or older cantilever supports, under normal road conditions can be the same, if not more effective in stopping power. Disc brakes do not allow heat to form in the tires on long descents. Instead, heat accumulates in the rotor, which can get very hot.
Wheel and tire design
The typical feature of mountain bikes is the widening tires. The original 26 inch diameter wheel with a width of ~2,125 "(ISO 559 mm rim diameter) is increasingly replaced by 29 inch wheels with a width of ~ 2.35" (diameter of ISO 622 mm rod), and a diameter of 27.5 inch wheels with ~ 2.25 w (ISO 584 mm rim diameter). Mountain bikes with 24 inch wheels are also available, sometimes for dirt jumps, or as a junior bike.
The size of the bicycle wheel is not the right size: the 29-inch (292 millimeter) (29.5 millimeter) (292 millimeter) (29-bytes) diameter bike wheel wheel (the term, bead seat diameter (BSD), and the mountain bike tire) average 29 "is (in ISO notation) 59-622 corresponds to outside diameter of about 29.15 inches (740 mm).
The 622 mm wheel is standard on a road bike and is commonly known as the 700C. In some countries, especially in Continental Europe, 700C wheels (622 mm) are commonly called 28-inch wheels. The 24-inch wheels are used for dirt jump bikes and sometimes on freeride bikes, rear wheels only, as this makes the bike more maneuverable. The 29 inch wheels were once used for Cross Country purposes only, but are now becoming more common in other disciplines of mountain biking. A mountain bike with a 29 "wheel is often referred to as a 29er, and a bike with a 27.5 inch wheel called a 27.5 mountain bike or as a marketing term? 650B bike?
Wheels come in a wide range, ranging from standard rims suitable for use with tires in the size of 1.90 to 2.10 inches (48 to 53 mm), up to 2.35 and 3.00 inches (60 and 76 mm) of popular with freeride and downhill bikes. Although the heavier wheelset is favored in the freeride and downhill disciplines, the steady wheel technological advances trim the weight of the strong wheels. This is particularly advantageous because rolling weight greatly affects handling and control, which is critical for the technical nature of freeride and downhill riding.
Wheel width/tire width, usually 3.8 inches (97 mm) or larger, sometimes used by icebikers who use their mountain bikes to drive in winter in snowy conditions.
Manufacturers produce bicycle tires with different tread patterns according to different needs. Amongst these styles are: slippery road tires, road tires with central ridge and outer tread, fully prominent, front-specific, rear-specific, and snow-studded. Some tires can be specially designed for use in certain weather conditions (wet or dry) and terrain (hard, soft, muddy, etc.). Other tire designs strive to be applied as a whole. In the same intended application, the more expensive tires tend to be lighter and have less rolling resistance. Sticky rubber tires are now available for use on freeride and downhill bikes. While these tires are more quickly damaged, they provide greater traction in all conditions, especially when cornering. Tires and rims are available in tubed or tubeless designs, with tubeless tires recently (2004) gaining support for their pinch flat resistance.
The tires also come with tubes, tubeless and tubeless-ready. Tire with tube is standard design and most easy to use and maintain. Tubeless tires often have better performance because you can run them at lower tire pressures that produce better traction and increase rolling resistance. Tubeless-ready tires are tires that can use tubes or go tubeless. The liquid sealant is used without the tube to secure the seal to the rim. Popular tire manufacturers include Wilderness Trail Bikes, Schwalbe, Maxxis, Nokian, Michelin, Continental, Tioga, Kenda, Hutchinson Special and Panaracer.
Tandems
Mountain bikes are available in tandem configurations. For example, Cannondale and Santana Cycles offer that without suspension, while Ellsworth, Nicolai, and Ventana make tandem with full suspension.
See also
References
Best Mountain Bike under 600 Dollars Reviews for you
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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