A surgical light - also referred to as operating light or head wrought - is a medical device intended to assist medical personnel during surgical procedures by illuminating local area or the patient's cavity. The combination of multiple surgical lights is often referred to as a "surgical light system".
Video Surgical lighting
History
Technical development
In the mid-1850s, the operating room was built to the southeast with a window in the ceiling to benefit from as much natural sunlight as possible. The biggest problem is the lighting dependence and whether the procedure can be done during the day and weather conditions. Furthermore, a doctor, nurse or medical device easily blocks light. The use of a mirror on four corners of the ceiling to reflect sunlight toward the operating table only slightly alleviates this problem.
Attempts were made to use an optical condenser in indirect light to reduce heating, but to no avail. The entrance of the electric lights to the operating room in the 1880s accompanied the problem. By control of the initial electrical technology of the emitted light is bad. The electric light is still moving and spreading, with great heat radiation.
The light-emitting diode as a light source eliminates heat radiation problems and reduces energy requirements.
Maps Surgical lighting
Terminology and measurements
- Lux
- Unit for the number of visible lights measured by luxmeter at a given point.
- Central illuminance (Ec)
- Illuminance (measured in lux) at a distance of 1m from the surface of light emitting at the center of the light field.
- Center of the light field
- Point to the light field (illuminated area) where the illumination reaches the maximum lux intensity. This is the reference point for most measurements.
- Depth of illumination
- The distance between the light intensity points 20% above and below the center point. From the point of maximum illumination, which is the center of the light field 1 meter from the light-emitting surface, the photometer is moved toward the light until the measured light intensity drops to 20% of the maximum value. The distance between the center and this point is defined as L1. The distance measured equally in the direction away from the light is L2. The depth of the illumination without the need to refocus is the sum of the two L1 and L2 spacing. In the second edition of the IEC standard, issued in 2009, the threshold value was revised from 20% to 60%.
- Shadow dilution
- The ability of light to minimize the barrier effect.
- Diameter of the light field (D10)
- The diameter of the light field around the center of the light field, ending where the illumination reaches 10% Ec. The reported value is the average of four different cross sections through the center of the light field.
- D50
- The diameter of the light field around the center of the light field, ending where the illumination reaches 50% Ec. The reported value is the average of four different cross sections through the center of the light field
Norms and requirements for surgical light
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) makes the document IEC 60601-2-41 - Specific requirements for basic safety and performance of surgical and luminaire surrogates for diagnosis, 2009 to establish norms and guidelines for the characteristics of surgical light and examination to safeguard patient safety and lower risk to a reasonable level when light is used in accordance with the user manual. Some standards for surgical lightheads are as follows:
- Homogeneous light : The light should offer good lighting on a flat, narrow or deep surface inside the cavity, although there are obstacles such as the surgeon's head or hands.
- Lux : Middle lighting should be between 160,000 and 40,000 lux.
- The diameter of the light field : The diameter D50 must be at least 50% of D10.
- Color rendition : For the purpose of discriminating actual network colors in cavities, the color rendering index (Ra) must be between 85 and 100.
- Potential backup : In case of power supply interruption, the lamp should be recovered in 5 seconds with at least 50% of the previous lux intensity, but not less than 40,000 lux. Within 40 seconds, the light must be completely restored to its original brightness.
- Announcement : The IEC document also specifies what the user should notify. For example, voltage and power consumption should be marked on or near the lampholders and also on the lighthead. In the instructions to use the following should be announced.
- Cleansing and surgical light decontamination
- Aspect of optical filter security (purpose and warning to prevent deletion)
- Center illumination
- The diameter of the light field
- Depth of illumination
- Shutter dilution
- Color temperature and related color rendering index
- Total radiation
- Clean and disinfect
- Mild head handling in case of failure
- How users should respect national rules for cleanliness and disinfectant
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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