Domain registration

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Domain registration is the process of obtaining domain names from domain name registrations.

Video Domain registration

Histori

In 1993, the US Department of Commerce, together with several public and private entities, created InterNIC to maintain a central database containing all registered domain names and associated IP addresses in the US (other countries maintain their own NICs (Network Information Center) - there is a link under which the Canadian system deals, for example). Network Solutions, a member of InterNIC, is selected to manage and maintain more and more Internet domain names and IP addresses. This central database is copied to the Top Level Domain (TLD) servers around the world and creates the main routing table used by every computer connected to the Internet.

Each accredited ICANN recorder must pay a flat fee of US $ 4,000 plus a variable fee. The total variable registrar fee is for a total of US $ 3.8 million. Competitions created by a joint enrollment system allow end users to choose from many registrars offering various services related to varying prices.

Maps Domain registration

Designated registrar

Domain registration information is managed by domain name registrars, who contract with domain registrars to provide registration services to the public. The end user selects the registrar to provide the registration service, and the registrar becomes the designated registrar for the domain selected by the user.

Only the designated registrar can modify or delete information about the domain name in the central registry database. It is not uncommon for end users to switch registrars, requesting the process of transferring domains between the applicants involved, which are governed by certain domain name transfer policies.

When the registrar registers the domain name com for the end user, it must pay a maximum annual fee of $ 7.34 to VeriSign, the registry operator for com , and the US. $ 0.18 annual administrative fee to ICANN. Most domain registrars provide the prices of their services and products to cover the annual fees and administrative fees that must be paid to ICANN. Barriers to entry into the high bulk registration industry for new companies without an existing customer base.

Many registrars also offer registrations through reseller affiliates. End users register directly with registrars, or indirectly through one or more reseller layers. In 2010, retail costs typically range from a low of about $ 7.50 per year to about $ 35 per year for simple domain registrations, although registrants often drop rates much lower - sometimes even for free - when ordering with other products.

The maximum registration period for domain names is 10 years. Some registrars offer a longer period of up to 100 years, but the offer involves registrar to update the registration for their customers; 100 year registration will not exist in the official registration database.

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DNS hosting

Domain name registration specifies a set of Start Authority (SOA) records on the DNS server of the parent domain, indicating the IP address (or domain name) of the authoritative DNS server for the domain. This only provides a reference to how to find domain data - not the actual domain data.

Domain registration does not automatically imply the provision of DNS services for a registered domain. Most registrars offer DNS hosting as an optional free service for domains registered through them. If a DNS service is not offered, or an end user opts out, the end user is responsible for providing or providing the DNS hosting service. Without DNS services for domains, registrations are essentially useless for Internet services, although this situation is often encountered with domain parking and cybersquatting.

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Transfer of domain name

Transfer of domain name is the process of changing the designated registrar for the domain name. ICANN has defined the Policy on Registration Transfer Among Applicants . The usual domain name transfer process is:

1. The end user verifies that the whois admin contact is correct, especially the email address; obtain the authentication code (EPP transfer code) from the old registrar, and delete the domain key that has been placed on the registration. If the whois information has expired and is now updated, the end user must wait 12-24 hours before proceeding further, to allow time for updated data to spread.
2. The end user contacted the new recorder with the desire to transfer the domain name to his service, and provided the authentication code.
3. The acquired seeker must obtain written permission from the Registered Name Holder or Administrative Contact. Transfers can only be continued if the transfer confirmation is received by obtaining the Registrar from one of these contacts. Authorization must be done through a valid Standard Authorization Form, which can be sent eg. by e-mail to an e-mail address registered with WHOIS. Registered Name Holder or Administrative Contact must confirm the transfer. The new registrar initiates electronically transferred domains with the help of the authentication code (auth code).
4. The old registrar will contact the end user to confirm the authenticity of this request. End users may have to take further action with old registrars, such as returning to online management tools, to re-start their desire to continue, to speed up transfers.
5. The old registrar will issue authority to the new registrar.
6. The new registrar will notify the end of the transfer settlement user. The new registrar may automatically copy domain server information, and everything on the website will continue to function as before. Otherwise, the domain server information needs to be updated with the new registrar.

After this process, the new registrar is a registered registrar of domain names. The process may take about five days. In some cases, the old registrar may deliberately delay the transfer as long as it is allowed. After the transfer, the domain can not be transferred again for 60 days, except back to the previous registrar.

It's not wise to try to transfer the domain immediately before it expires. In some cases, transfers may take up to 14 days, meaning that transfers may not be completed before the registration expires. This could result in the loss of domain name registration and transfer failure. To avoid this, end users must transfer either before the expiration date, or update the registration before attempting a transfer. [1]

If the domain registration expires, regardless of the reason, it can be difficult, expensive, or impossible for the original owner to get it back. After the expiration date, the domain status often passes through several management phases, often for a period of several months; usually it does not just become publicly available.

This list seems to all use at most 16 publicly available public TLDs (gTLDs) that existed in December 2009, plus.us. A February 2010 edition of the ICANN file access draft paper explains that most of the country's TLD (ccTLD) code registers stopped providing zone files in 2003, citing abuse.

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See also

• The domain name registry
• Registration of private sub-domains

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References

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External links

• Register of InterNIC Registrars - The directory of ICANN accredited registrars listed alphabetically by name, location, and supported languages.
• Registrar Accreditation: Process
• Registrar Accreditation: Financial Considerations

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Source

• ICANN. "Registry Register Maximum Price Schedule" Revision of the Registry Agreement VeriSign.com: Appendix G. April 16, 2001.
• RFC 2832 - NSI Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP) Version 1.1.0
• RFC 3632 - VeriSign Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP) Version 2.0.0

Source of the article : Wikipedia