A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle or maybe even the surface of a dancing venue, commonly referred to as a 'dance floor'. Floors vary from simple droppings in a cave to a multilayered surface of modern technology. Floors can be stone, wood, bamboo, metal or other materials that can support the expected load.
The building level is often referred to as the floor, although the more precise term is storied.
The floor usually consists of a subfloor for support and floor coverings used to provide a good running surface. In modern buildings subfloorers often have power lines, pipes, and other services built. As the floor must meet many needs, some important for safety, flooring is built for strict building codes in some areas.
Video Floor
Struktur lantai khusus
Where special floor structures such as floating floors are placed on other floors then both can be referred to as subfloor.
Special floor structures are used for a number of purposes:
- Balcony, platform projecting from wall
- Floating floors, usually to reduce noise or vibration
- Glass floor, as in a glass floored elevator
- The nightingale makes a sound when an intruder walks on it
- The elevated floors, the utilities below them are easily accessible
- Suddenly the floor, improving the performance and security of athletes and dancers
Maps Floor
Floor cover
Floor cover is a term to describe in general any finished material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Floor is a generic term for permanent floor coverings, or for the job of installing such floor coverings. Both terms are used interchangeably but the floor covering refers more to loose material.
Materials are almost always classified as floor coverings including rugs, carpets, and tough floors such as linoleum or vinyl floors. Materials commonly called floors include wood floors, laminated wood, ceramic tiles, stone, terrazzo, and various seamless chemical floor coatings.
Material selection for floor coverings is influenced by factors such as cost, durability, noise isolation, comfort and cleaning efforts. Some types of flooring should not be installed below the level (lower than ground level), and laminate or hardwood should be avoided where there may be water vapor or condensation.
Subfloor can be solved in a way that makes it usable without additional work, see:
- Dry ground floor or clay floor
- Compact, screed or granolithic ground floor cement
There are a number of special features that can be used to decorate the floor or do useful services. Examples include Floor medals that provide a decorative core floor design, or Gratings used to drain water or to rub shit from shoes.
Construction sub floor
Floors can be built on blocks or beams or using structures such as prefabricated hollow core sheets. Subfloores are built on top of them and adhered in various special ways to support structures but support and subfloor together always provide the strength of the floor that can be felt under the feet. Currently, subfloor is generally made of at least two layers of damp resistant ('AC' grade, one side finished and flat sanded) plywood or composite sheet, together also called Underlayments on 2x8 floor joists, 2x10 , or 2x12's (wood dimension) spaced on a 16-inch (40.6 cm) center, in the United States and Canada. Some of the flooring components used only on concrete slabs consist of layers of rubber or dimpled plastic such as bubble wrap that provides small pillars for one and a half inches (12.7 mm) of the above sheet material. It is produced in 2Ã, ÃÆ' â € "Ã, 2Ã, ft (61Ã, cm Ã, Â ± 61 cm) boxes and the ends fit together like mortise and thorn connections. As the floor in the beam is not on the concrete, the second layer underlayment layer is added with staggered joints to dissolve forces that will open the joint under the live load pressure like the person walking.
Three common layers are only in high quality construction. Two layers in high quality construction both will be thick 3 / 4 inch (19.1 mm) sheets (like the third one at the moment), but two layers can achieve a half-combined thickness that is in cheaper construction - / 2 in (12.7 mm)) panels coated by 1 / 4 in plywood subflooring (6.4 mm). At the highest end, or in certain rooms of the building there may be three layers of tarpaulin, and such rigid subflooring is required to prevent cracks of large 9-10 inch (22.9-25.4 cm) floor tiles or more on the sides, and such under-floor structures will often also have extra 'buffers' and 'block' crosslinks to stubs intended to spread the load to slightly sag on any beam when there is a live load on the floor above..
In Europe and North America only a few rare floors will appear to have no separate floor coverings on it, and that's usually because of temporary conditions while waiting for sales or occupancy; in new semi-custom construction and some rental markets, the floor is provided for new home buyers (tenants) to choose their own preferred floor coverings usually wall-to-wall carpet, or one-piece vinyl floor coverings. Wood clad ('Hardwood') and ceramic coated floors will generally require a harder quality subfloor, especially for the next class. Since the base and floor of the walls interact form a connection, the semi-custom floors added later generally will not be hardwood for the construction of the connection will be in the wrong order unless the wall trim is also delayed due to vote.
Subfloor can also provide underfloor heating and if radiant floor heating is not used, it will certainly have a puncture opening to be passed for forced air ducts for both heating and air conditioning, or pipe holes for forced hot water or steam heating transport pipes that deliver heat from the furnace to the local heat exchanger (heat exchanger).
Several sub-floors are included beneath the upper level surface of surrounding floor blocks and such subfloor and normal high tree trunks combine to create printed plywood boxes and contain at least two inches (5 cm) of concrete (A 'Mud Floor 'in the language of the builder). Alternatively, just a little inset floor above with fibrous nets and composite concrete floors used for higher-quality tile floors - these 'concrete' subfloors have a good thermal fit with ceramic tiles and are so popular with kitchen builders, laundry and especially public bathrooms and upscale bathrooms and other rooms where a large expanse of well-supported ceramic tiles will be used as the finished floor. Floors that use small ceramic tiles (4.5 inches or 11.4 cm and smaller) generally only use extra 1 / 4 -inch (6.4 mm) layers of plywood (if that) and substrate substitutes and substrate materials made with flexible and semi-flexible joints, thus designed to withstand greater flexibility that can not be tolerated by tiles without interruption.
Floor construction
Ground floor can be ground floor made of soil, or solid ground floor made of concrete slab.
Ground floor plates are not common in northern latitudes where freezing provides significant structural problems, except in heated interior spaces such as basements or for outdoor heated structures such as gazebos or warehouses where unit temperatures do not create problematic baggers of meltwaters. Ground level plates are prepared to pour by assessing the site, which usually also involves removing humus and other organic materials away from the slab site. Once the site has reached the appropriate inorganic base material the company is further assessed so that it is flat and flat, and then ends by spreading a layer of strength cake that spreads sand and gravel. Deeper channels can be extracted, especially the tip of the plate and across the width of the plate at regular intervals where the continuous rebar arrangement is bent and connected to sit at two altitudes in forming a 'sub-plate concrete girder'. Above targeted targeted altitudes (coplanar with compacted sand and gravel topping) separate rebar or welded grids are usually added to strengthen the concrete, and will be tied to the girder bar below the slab at intervals. The underside of the plate plate is used especially if the plate is used structurally, ie to support part of the building.
Upper floor construction
Floors in wooden frame houses are usually built with centralized blocks of not more than 16 inches (41 cm) apart, in accordance with most building codes. Heavy floors, like those made of stone, require closer blocks. If the span between the retaining wall is too long for the beam to support safely, a heavy bar (thick wood or laminate, or metal I-beam or H-beam) may be used. A "subfloor" of plywood or waferboard is then placed on top of the beam.
Utilities
In modern buildings, there are many services provided through channels or cables under the floor or above the ceiling. The first floor level usually also holds the ceiling level below (if any).
The services provided by subfloors include:
- Air Conditioner
- Communication fiber
- Power cord
- Fire protection
- Thermal insulation
- Pipes
- Sewerage
- Hard
- Underfloor heating
On the floor supported by the beam, the utility runs through the floor by drilling a small hole through the beam to function as a channel. Where the floor is above the basement or crawl, the reverse utility can run under the beam, making installation cheaper. Also, channels for air conditioning (central heating and cooling) are large and can not be crossed through blocks or blocks; thus, channels are usually at or near plenum, or come directly from the bottom (or from the attic).
Pipes for pipes, sewer, underfloor heating, and other utilities can be placed directly on the slab floor, usually through cellular floors. However, the maintenance of this system can be expensive, requiring the opening of concrete or other fixed structure. Electrically heated floors are available, and both types of systems can also be used on wooden floors.
Problem with floor
Wooden floors, especially older ones, will tend to 'squeak' in certain places. This is caused by wood rubbing against other wood, usually on subfloor connections. By holding the screw with each other with screws or nails can reduce this problem.
The floor vibe is a problem with the floor. Wood floors tend to pass through the sound, especially heavy footsteps and low bass frequencies. Floating floors can reduce this problem. Concrete floors are usually so large that they do not have this problem, but they are also much more expensive to build and must meet stricter building requirements due to its weight.
Floors with chemical sealers, such as stained concrete or epoxy coatings, usually have a slippery coating that has the potential for slipping and falling hazards, but there are anti-slip additives and coatings that can help reduce this and provide traction enhancement. Testing of reliable and supported science-floor slip resistance can help floor owners and designers determine whether the floor is too slippery, or allow them to choose a suitable floor for the intended purpose prior to installation.
Floors may need protection occasionally. The gym floor coverings can be used to reduce the need to meet incompatible requirements.
Floor cleaning
Floor cleaning is the main job around the world and has been since ancient times. Cleaning is very important to prevent injuries due to slipping and to remove impurities. The floor is also treated to protect or beautify the surface. The correct method of cleaning one type of floor can often damage another, so it is important to use proper care.
See also
References
External links
Media related to Floor on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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