The first-year draft player is Major League Baseball's main mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools, colleges and other amateur baseball clubs to his team. The draft sequence is determined by the previous season's standings, with the team with the worst record receiving first choice.
The first amateur draft was held in 1965. Unlike most sports drafts, a first-year draft player was held mid-season, in June. Another feature that distinguishes this draft compared to that of the major professional sports leagues of North America is its size: under the current collective bargaining agreement, the draft lasts for 40 rounds, plus a compensation option. In contrast, the NFL draft lasts seven rounds (maximum of 256 options), the draft of NHL entries runs seven rounds and around 215 options, and the NBA draft only lasts for two rounds (60 choices).
Video Major League Baseball draft
Sebelum draft
Major League Baseball has used the concept of commissioning minor league players to the team since 1921. In 1936, the National Football League held its first amateur draft in professional sports. A decade later, the National Basketball Association applied the same player distribution method. However, the player's design is controversial. Congressman Emanuel Celler questioned the legality of the draft during a series of hearings on the practice of professional sports league business in the 1950s. Successful clubs see the draft as anti-competitive. Yankees executive Johnny Johnson likened him to communism. At the same time, Pulitzer Prize-winning sports columnist Arthur Daley compared the system to the "slave market".
Prior to the drafting of first-year players, amateurs are free to sign contracts with Major League teams that offer them contracts. As a result, richer teams like the New York Yankees and St. Louis Cardinals is able to hoard young talents, while poorer clubs are left to sign undesirable prospects.
In 1947, Major League Baseball applied bonus rules, restrictions aimed at reducing player salaries, as well as keeping the rich team from monopolizing the player market. In its most rigorous form, he banned any team who gave an amateur signing bonus of more than $ 4,000 from assigning the player to a minor league affiliate for two seasons. If the player is removed from the premier league list, he becomes a free agent. Controversial law is repealed twice, only to be re-institutionalized.
Bonus rules are largely ineffective. There are allegations that teams are incorporating players into smaller bonuses, just to equip them with payments under the table. In one notable incident, Kansas City Athletics signed Clete Boyer, placed him on their roster for two years, then traded him to the Yankees just as he qualified to be sent to the minor leagues. Other clubs accuse the Yankees of using Athletics as a de facto farming team, and A later admitted to recruiting Boyer on their behalf. Finally, it was a bidding war for Rick Reichardt, who signed a contract with the Los Angeles Angels for an embarrassing bonus of $ 200,000, leading to draft execution.
The Premiership clubs voted on the draft during the 1964 Winter Meeting. Four teams - the New York Yankees, the St. Louis Cardinals, the Los Angeles Dodgers, and the New York Mets - attempted to beat the proposal but failed to convince the majority of the team, and ultimately only the Cardinals are against it.
Maps Major League Baseball draft
Design
The first Major League Baseball amateur draft was held in June 1965. The team picked players in reverse order of the previous season's standings, with alternate options between the National League and America. With the first pick, Kansas City Athletics picked up Rick Monday, an outsider from Arizona State University.
Initially, three separate drafts were held each year. The June draft, which is by far the largest, involves new high school graduates, as well as seniors who have just completed their season. Another draft was held in January, which usually involves high school players passing in the winter, junior college players, and players who have been out of college for four years. The junior college players are required to wait until their current season is completed before they can register. Finally, there is a draft in August for players participating in the amateur summer league. The August draft was abolished only after two years, while the January draft lasted until 1986.
The influence of compulsory age
Initially, the majority of recruited players came directly from high school. Between 1967 and 1971, only seven college players were selected in the first round of the June draft. However, the college players designed to outperform their high school counterparts by what statistician Bill James called "huge margins." By 1978, most conscripts had played college baseball, and by 2002, the number had risen above sixty percent. While the number of secondary school players recruited declines, those elected are more successful than their predecessors. In a concept study from 1984 to 1999, Baseball's Prospectus writer Rany Jazayerli concluded that, in the 1990s, the gap in production between the two groups virtually disappeared. In October 2011, Dr. Jazayerli presented another research study which included analysis of the players compiled since 1965, but instead of splitting them into high school students or students, he separated them based on their age on the day of conscription. In a study published in Baseball Prospectus, which included a follow-up article on financial gain, Jazayerli concluded that very young players returned more value than their draft slots expected. In the Jazayerli study, he looked at statistics and broke the draft into 5 different groups based on their age and is being compiled in the preliminary round. Dr. Jazayerli defines a "very young" player as those who are younger than 17 years and 296 days on conscription days. Since the birth of the draft, the youngest player ever drawn up in the preliminary round is Alfredo Escalera. Escalera was designed by Kansas City Royals in the 8th round of the First Year Draft 2012 at 17 years and 114 days. Study Dr. Jazayerli did not clearly show the influence of the player's age when composed in the final round.
Economic impact
Initially, the draft managed to reduce the value of the signing bonus. In 1964, a year before the first draft, an outsider from University of Wisconsin Rick Reichardt was awarded a record $ 205,000 ($ 1,617,564 today) by Los Angeles Angels. Without competition from other clubs, Athletics is able to bring Rick Monday with a bonus of just $ 104,000. It took until 1979 for players who were recruited to receive higher bonuses from Reichardt.
Salary players continued to increase until the 1980s. In 1986, Bo Jackson became the first person to sign a total contract (bonus signing and salary) worth more than $ 1 million ($ 2,232,544 today). Jackson, a Heisman Trophy winner for Auburn University, was also the first overall choice in the National Football League draft, and was offered a $ 7 million ($ 15,627,808 today) contract to play football for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
The high school players have additional influence, because they have the option of attending lectures and re-entering the draft next year. Agent Scott Boras routinely exploits these gains to improve his client's contracts. In 1990, Boras Todd Van Poppel's clients signed a contract worth $ 1.2 million ($ 2,247,784 today) with Oakland Athletics, having committed to playing for the University of Texas. The following year, Boras negotiated a $ 1.55 million ($ 2,784,925 today) contract for the Yankees in the first round election of Brien Taylor, who said he would attend a junior college if he did not receive a contract equivalent to Van Poppel. In June 2009, a figure as high as $ 15 million was posted for pitcher thrower Stephen Strasburg.
The more, the team is structured based on whether or not a player is likely to sign a certain amount of money, not on his or her talent. This is known as "pick signability." Prior to the 1992 draft, team owners unilaterally decided to extend the period of time the team retained negotiating rights for players from one year to five. As a result, the rules prohibit a high school student from attending lectures and re-entering the draft after his junior or senior season. The Premier League Baseball Association proposes legal challenges, but Major League Baseball argues that, since the Players Association does not represent amateur players, it is not necessary for the union to approve the changes. An arbitrator finally decides that any changes to the article should be negotiated with the Players' Association.
Media exposure
The first-year draft players have historically had far less media exposure than their counterparts in other leagues for three main reasons:
- Baseball high school and college, the main source of MLB scholarship recipients, is not as popular as college football, college basketball, and, in Canada as well as certain parts of the US, college, and junior hockey. Consequently, most of the initial draft options were not known to casual sport watchers at the time of their draft. However, this is slowly changing: NCAA enjoys a spike in popularity in the 2000s and top college baseball players have enjoyed a greater media exposure, though it is still well below their basketball and soccer counterparts.
- Unlike top pick drafts on NHL, NBA, and NFL, all of which are expected to make an immediate impact, the mandatory MLB top is almost always assigned to minor leagues for several years to hone their skills, usually at low levels (Rookie or Class A ) initially. Because of this, fans can not see players who have just been recruited to appear immediately, causing them to forget or lose interest in them. The entire first round of 2007 (64 players) reached a total of one major league match at the end of the 2008 season; in the 2009 season, most of the 2008 first rounder was still assigned to small league organizations. Instead, every first-round choice in the 2008 NFL draft has been played in the league at the end of the 2008 season.
- While many NHLs, NBAs and NFLs will eventually reach their respective leagues, most players selected in first-year players will never play in one MLB game, including many first-rounders. For example, only 31 of the 52 draft first-round drafts in 1997 drew up making major league appearances, and only 13 out of 31 appeared in over 100 matches in 2009. In the sixth round of 1997, only five of the 30 players selected eventually made big league appearances, and only two out of five (Tim Hudson and Matt Wise) played over 40 innings in the majors. Further illustrating the unpredictability of the next round of drafts and rounds, none of the 30 players selected in the 18th round had reached the major leagues, but the 19th round eventually resulted in MVP all-star and World Series David Eckstein.
The draft 2007 was first broadcast live on June 7, 2007. The draft coverage took place at Disney's World Wide Sports Complex at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida. Since the draft of 2009, the first round of the draft has been broadcasted annually on MLB Network live and in prime time from his studio in Secaucus, New Jersey.
Procedures and rules
Feasibility
To be drafted, players must comply with the following criteria:
- Be a resident, or have attended an educational institution in the United States, Canada, or US territory such as Puerto Rico. Players from other countries are not subject to draft, and may be signed by any team unless they have attended an educational institution in the area.
- Have never signed big or small league contracts.
- High school players are only entitled after graduation, and if they do not attend college.
- Players at four-year colleges and universities are eligible for three years after first enrolling at the institution, or after their 21st birthday (whichever occurs first).
- The junior college player and the community are eligible to be conceptualized at any time.
Draft sequence
The general draft sequence is the reverse order of the previous year's standings. If two teams finish with identical notes, the previous year's standings from both teams are tiebreakers, with the team having a poor record of receiving a higher selection.
Negotiate rights
Prior to 2007, a team retained the right to sign the selected player up to a week before the next draft, or until the player entered, or returned to, a four-year college full-time. This is known as a "draft-and-follow" procedure.
Beginning in 2012, the deadline for signing a recruited player is July 15th. Selected players entering junior colleges can not be signed until the end of the school baseball season. Players who are recruited and do not sign contracts with clubs who vote for them can be drafted again on next year's draft, as long as the player qualifies for the draft of that year. A club may not choose another player in the following year unless the player has approved the re-election.
Eligible players to be elected and passed by every club to be free agents and able to join any club, up to one week before the next draft, or until a player enters, or returns to, a four-year full-time college or admission, or returns to, a junior college. In the period of one week before any concept, called "closed period", the general rule is that no club can sign new players.
Compensation options
Currently, teams can be compensated in designs based on free departing agents who refuse Qualifying Quotes from their respective teams. Qualifying bidding is defined as a one-year contract worth an average of 120 top player contracts for that year (in 2015, the value of a qualifying bid is $ 15.8 million). The 2013 draft saw major changes to the compensation rules. It is implemented as part of a collective labor agreement (CBA) between MLB and its player union, which takes effect in the 2012 season.
Pre-2013 rules
Prior to the 2013 draft, free agents were ranked by Elias Sports Bureau based on the previous two years of play, and against players of the same position. Players are categorized as Type A or Type B, or fall into the category of all other players. Below is a description of each class of free agents and compensation received by former free agent teams when players sign contracts with different teams.
Type-A free agent is ranked the top 20 percent of players in his position. A team signing a Type A player gives the top draft pick to the club the player abandons; the club also received additional options in the round of "sandwiches" between the first and second rounds.
Type-B free agent is ranked below the top 20 percent but above 40 percent of players in his position. A team that loses a Type B player receives additional options, but the signing team does not lose the option.
o All other players do not bring any compensation at all. Previously there was a third class of "Type C" players, but it was eliminated at the 2007 CBA.
To receive compensation benefits, free agents must be signed before the arbitration deadline in early December, or offer arbitration by the previous team but still sign contracts with other teams.
The pickup compensation given by other teams through this method is the team's highest choice, with the exception of picks at the top of the first half. This option is protected from use as compensation. If the team that voted at the top of the first draft signed a Type A free agent, they will give up choosing the second round. If a team has two other team draft options through Type A free agents, the team that leaves the player has a higher score gets a higher ranking. A team can not miss a retrieval obtained through compensation. The post-2012 rules for this aspect of the draft are similar, except that "Type A" and "Type B" tags no longer exist (see below).
The sequence of extra rounds between first and second rounds, features that will remain in place in 2013 and beyond, are determined by the reverse order of the previous year's standings. Under pre-2013 rules, Type A picks are made first, and then the order is reset for all Type B compensation picks.
In an unchanged feature with the latest CBA in 2012, teams can also earn compensation for unmarked takings from previous year's draft. If the team does not sign a first or second pick pick, they will vote in the same slot plus one year later. For example, if the team with pick # 5 did not sign the player, they would choose # 6 the next year. The regular draft sequence will continue around the selection. To compensate for not signing a third round, the team will get a choice in the extra round between the third and fourth rounds. If the team fails to sign the player with any of these compensation picks, there is no compensation in the following year.
Current rules
For the 2012 draft, previous "Type A" and "Type B" fixes apply, but the CBA includes special provisions that modify the status of 11 players who are Type A free agents based on the 2007 CBA. Six of these are "Modified Type A" - which means that the signing team does not lose the pick draft, but the former player team receives a compensation pick in the same position to be obtained under the usual Type A rules. The remaining five are "Modified Type B", with compensation identical to that for other Type B free agents.
Starting with the 2013 draft, free agents are no longer classified by "type". Instead, a team can only receive compensation if it makes the former player offer at least the equivalent of an average of 125 richest contracts. However, if a player trades during the last season of his contract, his new team will not be eligible to receive any compensation.
Other changes from 2012
The new CBA introduced another significant change to the draft.
Bonus pool
From the 2012 draft on, each team is allocated a "pool bonus" from which it can offer initial contracts to the designed players. Each team pool is based on its draft position and the number of shots, plus the amount spent in the previous year's draft. For the 2012 draft, this collection ranges from $ 4.5 million to $ 11.5 million. If a team passes the threshold of up to 5 percent or less, it should pay a "luxury tax" of 75% of the amount that exceeds the threshold. Teams that get 5 to 10 percent of have to pay 100% tax on their excess, and will lose the next round of the next election. A team losing 15 percent will lose two first-round options, in addition to "luxury tax". This excess will go to teams with less revenue through an unreported formula. Uniquely, this compensation pick can be traded - marking the first time MLB has allowed trading of draft picks. However, all previous rules against regular retrieval trades, or withdrawals granted as free agent compensation, remain in effect.
New signing rules
The team can no longer offer major league contracts for their draft options - only small league contracts are available. The only exception is for players who are recruited who have a scholarship in other sports. Also, the dates for signing new picks have been moved from mid-August to mid-July.
See also
- List of first Major League Baseball election
- Rule 5 Draft
References
External links
- the official MLB.com website
- MLB.com - History draft
- MLB.com - Draft rules
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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