Homeschooling in the United States is about 3.4% of US students (about 2 million students). In the United States, the Supreme Court has ruled that parents have a fundamental right to direct the education of their children. The right to homeschool is not often questioned in court, but the number of state regulations and assistance that can or should be expected continues to be the subject of legal debate.
The Presidency of the United States Supreme Court appears to support educational options, as long as the state sets standards.
Video Homeschooling in the United States
Prevalence
Initially homeschooling in the United States is practiced mainly underground or in rural areas. In the 1970s, some books called attention to homeschooling, and many families started their children's homeschools. In 2012, approximately 1.8 million students study at home.
The US Department of Education estimates that 1.5 million K-12 students studied at home in the United States in 2007 (with a confidence interval of 1.3 million to 1.7 million), representing nearly three per cent of students. This is up from 850,000 in 1999. In this estimate, students are defined as homeschooling if their parents report them as home school rather than in a public or private school for at least part of their education, and if their part-time enrollment in a public or private school not exceeding 25 hours a week, and students who are expelled at home primarily because of temporary illness. About four out of five homeschoolers are only home schooled, while about one in five homeschoolers are also enrolled in public or private schools for 25 hours or less per week. In 2007, 16% of home-study students attended public or private schools on a part-time basis.
An increasing number of homeschoolers take part in private schools, public schools and home partnerships. Homeschool families use it to help teach difficult subjects, such as foreign languages ​​and science. In addition, many families make partnerships to help their children compete in academia and athletics with homeschooling children. Some students take one or two classes on a traditional school campus while others spend several days per week on campus designed to educate part-time students.
Maps Homeschooling in the United States
Motivation
Parents provide many different reasons for homeschooling their children. In NHES 2003 and 2007, parents were asked whether specific reasons for homeschooling were applied to their children. Three reasons chosen by parents over two-thirds of the students are concerns about the school environment, to provide religious or moral teaching, and dissatisfaction with the academic instruction available at other schools. From 2003 to 2007, the percentage of students whose parents reported homeschooling to provide religious or moral teaching increased from 72 percent to 83 percent. In 2007, the most common reason parents give as the most important is the desire to give religious or moral teachings (36 percent of students). Usually the religious beliefs represented are evangelical Christians. This reasoning was followed by concerns about the school environment (such as safety, drugs, or negative peer pressure) (21 percent), dissatisfaction with academic instruction (seventeen percent), and "other reasons" including family, finance, travel , and distance (14 percent). Other reasons include more flexibility in educational practice and core family stability for children with learning disabilities or prolonged chronic illness, or for children of missionaries, military families, or frequent relocation families, as often as every two years.
Some parents want more opportunities for their children to socialize with diverse ages, travel more, do more field trips, visit museums, conduct outdoor education, attend concerts, visit workplaces, visit government buildings , to find a mentor, and to learn the nature outside. Homeschooling families can usually do more field trips and visit more places than traditional schools.
Although many parents have expressed an interest in religious or moral teaching as one of the main reasons for homeschooling, research has shown that young adults who are at home are not significantly more likely to be religious than colleagues who are demographically similar to those who go to private schools or public school. Analysis by Baylor University sociologist Jeremy Uecker from data from the National Youth and Religious Studies reveals that home-grown young adults are no more religious than other young adults from the same demographic profile who attend public or private schools. In addition, results from the Cardus Education Survey in 2011 found that homeschooling young adults attend religious services with a frequency roughly the same as their counterparts who attend Protestant private schools, even though homeschooling children attend church more often than colleagues - their Catholic schoolmates. Milton Gaither, a Professor of Education at Messiah College who has extensively studied homeschooling, concludes that, "homeschooling itself will not automatically produce adults who share the conservative political, religious and moral beliefs of their parents."
Legality
The history of legal controversy
Homeschooling legality in the United States has been debated by educators, lawmakers, and parents from the start of compulsory education in Massachusetts in 1852.
For decades the source of the debate has focused on whether it is legal for parents to hold their children from school and educate them in home settings, pitting homeschooling supporters against those who support organized public schools.
Since the late 1980s, the focus on the legality of homeschooling is generally no longer in serious debates but legal questions have shifted to whether homeschooling communities can access state school funds, facilities, and resources. There is also a legal question of the degree of control that the state can take on homeschooling families on areas such as curricula and standardized testing.
In 2008, a three-judge panel of California Court of Appeals voted unanimously that children should be taught by a teacher or person with teaching credentials. The Court stated that "It is clear that the education of children in their homes, regardless of the quality of the education, is not eligible for the full-time private school or the required release of teachers from compulsory schooling on a full-time general school day." The court rejected the parent's dependence on holding Yoder's on religious choice. However, in March 2008, the court agreed to repeat the case and vacate the previous decision. In August 2008, the court issued a new ruling unanimously annulling the previous decision and the Court further stated that homeschooling is legal in California.
AS. Supreme Court precedent
In the United States, homeschooling is legal in all fifty states. The US Supreme Court has never decided on homeschooling specifically, but in Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972) it supports the rights of Amish parents to keep their children out of public schools for religious reasons. The court has decided, however, that parents have the fundamental right to "build houses and raise children" along with the right to "worship the Lord according to the command of their [their] conscience." The combination of these rights is the basis for calling homeschooling a basic right under the concept of Supreme Court freedom protected by the Process Due clause. Laws that limit basic rights are subject to strict supervision, the highest standard, if the law is challenged in court.
The last two sentences of the Supreme Court opinion in Runyon v. McCrary, quoting Pierce v. The Society of Sisters of the Sacred Names of Jesus and Mary, 268 US 510 (1925) and the Court argue that a State may set education standards but may not limit how parents choose to meet such educational standards.
In Runyon v. McCrary Court analyzes the previous decision on the choice of education:
In Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 US 390, the Court held that the freedoms covered by the Fourth Amendment Process Clause include the right "to acquire useful knowledge, to marry, to set up houses and raise children," en., At 399, and, simultaneously , the right to send one's children to private schools offering special training - in this case, the instruction in German. In Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 US 510, the Court implements the "Meyer v. Nebraska doctrine," en., In 534, to hold the unconstitutional Oregon law requiring parents, guardians, or others who have custody of children between 8 and 16 years [427 US 160, 177] to send the child to a public school for the pain of criminal responsibility. The Court believes that "it is entirely clear that the [statute] makes no sense disrupting the freedom of parents and guardians to direct the education and education of children under their control." Id., At 534-535. In Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 US 205, the Court emphasized Pierce's limited scope, pointing out that he lends "no support to the presumption that parents can replace state education requirements with their own idiosyncratic views of what knowledge a child needs to become a productive and happy member of society "but" states that while the State can set the [education] standard, it may not preclude the educational process by requiring children to attend public schools. "Id., At 239 (WHITE, J., concurring ).
In the 1988 Murphy v State of Arkansas case, the court summarizing is the legal position:
Courts have repeatedly stressed that while parents have the constitutional right to send their children to private schools and the constitutional right to choose private schools that offer special teaching, they have no constitutional right to provide their private school education without restriction by government regulations make sense.... Indeed, the Courts at Pierce expressly acknowledge "the power of the State is sufficient to govern all schools, to examine, monitor and examine them, their teachers and students..."
In addition, in Meyer v. Nebraska, the majority opinion of the US Supreme Court declares that freedom is protected by the Process clause Because "without doubt... shows not only freedom from the restraint of the body but also the individual's right to contract, to engage in one of the public works of life, to acquire useful knowledge , to marry, build homes and raise children , to worship God according to the command of their own conscience, and generally to enjoy that privilege long recognized... it is important to pursue regular happiness by people free men. "In Meyer, the Court declared that the 1919 Nebraska law prohibiting the teaching of foreign languages ​​to high school students before high school violates the Constitution unconstitutional by the Fifteenth Amendment of the Process.
Many other Court decisions have established or supported the right of parents to provide home education.
In just a short time after the law of attendance was required to become common in the United States, Oregon adopted a law banning private schools. The US Supreme Court has overthrown the state law as unconstitutional in its verdict in 1925 at Pierce v. The Sisters' Association of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, 268 U.S. 510 (1925). The court stated that a country should not prohibit parents from fulfilling the mandatory requirement by sending their children to private schools. This case is often cited by other courts to support the proposition that parents have the right to comply with mandatory attendance requirements through home instruction. Parents' rights to their children's homeschools have clearly been established through subsequent court decisions in such a way that any law that seeks to ban it will inevitably be beaten for constitutional or other reasons.
Each country has some form of mandatory attendance law that requires children within a certain age range to spend a certain amount of time being educated.
Legal and regulatory
Homeschooling Law can be divided into three categories:
- In some states, homeschooling requirements are based on their care as a type of private school (California, Indiana, Texas,). In the state, homeschools are generally required to comply with the same laws that apply to other schools (usually not accredited).
- In other states, homeschooling requirements are based on the unique words of the state's mandatory attendance statute without specific reference to "homeschooling" (New Jersey, Maryland, for example). In that state, the requirements for homeschooling are determined by the special parameters of the mandatory attendance statute. In other countries (Maine, New Hampshire, Iowa, for example) homeschool requirements are based on laws or groups of laws that are specifically applicable to homeschooling, even though laws often refer to homeschooling using other nomenclature (in Virginia, for example, the legal nomenclature is "home instruction", in South Dakota, it is "alternative instruction", in Iowa, it is "competent personal instruction"). In these countries, the requirements for homeschooling are set out in the relevant laws.
While each country has several requirements, there is a great diversity in the type, amount, and level of burden imposed. No two countries treat homeschooling in exactly the same way. Generally, the load is less in the states in category one above. In addition, many states offer more than one option for homeschooling with different requirements that apply to each option.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Professor of law David Smolin states that "Article 29 (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) limits the right of parents and others to educate children in private schools by requiring that all schools support both the Charter and the principles of the United Nations. countries and lists of values ​​and ideals In contrast, the Supreme Court legal case has established that a combination of parental rights and freedom of religion gives wider rights to private parents and schools to control the value and curriculum of free private education from state interference. "While quotations with private schools may also be assumed to extend to the choice of private home education because the place of education should support the values ​​and ideals of the UN
All UN member states, with the exception of the United States and South Sudan, have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Country requirements
Most states do not require notice of any intent. Some states require filing notice with local school officials. In accordance with the general tendency to alleviate the requirements, only two states, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, still require parents to get approval before homeschooling. Tighter requirements even include the need to have a trusted teacher oversee the education of home-studying children.
Some countries require homeschool students to enroll in public schools. Some countries allow homeschool students to enroll in public schools but do not require them to do so. Some states prohibit homeschool students from enrolling in public schools.
Proponents of heavier terms argue that they are needed for the purpose of society of educated societies who are ready to participate in a democratic society. However, no scientific research has shown that heavier requirements produce better results. In general, standardized test scores in countries with high requirements are no better than in lower-status countries raising doubts on the wisdom of putting high requirements on homeschooling since higher requirements create higher administrative costs.
Freedom 2014 in studies of 50 Countries by Mercatus Center ranked fifty countries by their homeschooling laws including: curriculum control, notice requirements, recording requirements, standardized testing, and teacher qualifications. The study found countries such as Alaska, Oklahoma, and Kansas as the most free country for homeschooling while ranking Ohio, Maryland, and Massachusetts at the bottom.
Alabama
You must register with cover, church, or umbrella. The cover must be placed in the state of Alabama. The online curriculum provider is not a legal cover even if it is accredited. Even if you pay fees and tuition, you're ditching in Alabama. If your cover school does not care what curriculum you use, you can enroll in it. After you enroll with the legal closing school, the state requires the parent to submit the form from the cover school to the general inspector to prove the registration within 5 days of the withdrawal date. If you live with the same school you are not submitting this form again. In Alabama, the homeschooler has two options:
- Church School Options - Homeschools qualify as church schools operated as local church services, denominations or church associations on a nonprofit basis, and do not accept state or federal funding. Children attending church schools are exempt from the mandatory part provided that the child abides by the procedure at Ala. Code Ã,§ 16-28-7 and Ã, § 16-28-3. A church can build a different church school in every home. Under this option, some parents at home can enroll children in existing church schools. "Registration and attendance of a child in a church school should be submitted to the local public school supervisor by his parents... on a form provided by a supervisor... signed by a church school administrator." There is no requirement to apply every year after initial enrollment in a church school. The main teacher of the church school should keep a list of attendance for each day of the school year. Church schools should offer teaching in K-12 classes. If a local school district believes that a family does not comply with the law, it must provide written notice to the family for 3 days before filing a criminal suit. In the case of 1992 Maas v. Alamama, the Alabama Criminal Court of Appeal overturned the conviction of a homeschool father who received only 2 hours of verbal notice from a trespasser. According to an opinion of Alabama Attorney General dated January 3, 1997, "apart from state laws requiring parents to report attendance and for church schools report if a student no longer attends such a church school, there is no legal Alabama provision that allow state or local authorities to administer a church school. "
- Private Tutor Options - Under the Alabama Code, children in homeschools can be instructed by competent private tutors. Under this law, teachers must be state certified and must teach for at least three hours a day for 140 days each calendar year between 8:00 am and 4:00 pm. The teacher should file with the district inspector a statement indicating the subject being taught and the teaching period. The teacher should keep a list of the child's work indicating hours of instruction and attendance and should make the necessary report of the State Education Council.
Teacher Qualification: Nothing, if homeschool is operated as a local church service. Certification is required if the homeschool tries to qualify as a private school, Ala. Code Ã,§ 16-28-1 (1) (a), or as a private tutor, Ala. Code Ã, § 16-28-5. Standard Test: Not required by law. Freedom of Religion: Amendments to the Constitution of Alabama 622.
California
In California homeschoolers should be part of a public homeschooling program through independent study or charter schools, b) using trusted tutors, or c) enrolling their children in eligible private schools. Such private schools can be shaped by parents in their own homes, or parents may use a number of private schools that offer some kind of independent study or distance learning option. Everyone who operates a private school in California, including parents who set up schools only for their own children, must submit an annual written statement to the Department of Education. They must offer specific courses (generally similar to the content required in public schools, but require less detailed curriculum than public schools should attend) and should keep records of attendance, but otherwise not subject to state control.
There is no requirement in California that every private school teacher, whether large or small, must have state credentials, even though all teachers must be able to teach. This principle has recently been challenged. A homeschooling family in Southern California has satisfactorily resolved a lower court case on parenting issues, but the court-appointed children's attorney wants an appeals court to make decisions on homeschooling topics. On February 28, 2008, the California Court of Appeal issued a verdict that effectively made homeschooling (except for certified teacher guidance) illegal in the state of California. Since the lower case is not about homeschooling, the legal representation of his family and school, the Sunland Christian School, asks for a repetition. The court granted the request for rehearing, and unanimously reversed herself, ruled that an unreliable parent could take care of their children under California law.
Ohio
The law in Ohio that excuses students from mandatory attendance is the Ohio Administrative Code, Chapter 3301-34. Under this law, home education is defined as education directed by the parent/guardian of the child. The purpose of legislation is to ensure that parents' rights to their children's homeschools are not violated. Before homeschooling begins, the parent/guardian must notify the superintendent in his child's school district. Some school districts have the form they use. As long as the following information is provided in a letter or other form of notification, parents do not need to use the school district form.
Information to be given in the form of notice to the inspector before homeschooling begins include: school year, parent's name, and address (telephone is optional), child's birth date, parent's signature which ensures that the subject listed in the Ohio Administrative Code is part of homeschooling, the outline of the curriculum that parents plan to cover in the following year, a list of materials parents plan to use, a parent's signature that ensures that the child will be in home education for 900 hours during the school year to come, and finally assurance that the home instructor has a high school diploma or equivalent high school diploma. Parents should also send academic assessments to supervisors from previous school years. The academic assessment report needs to be one of two things: whether a nationally normalized test result, a written standard or portfolio. The portfolio should include examples of student work. The supervisor should notify the parents within fourteen days of his decision.
Texas
Prior to 1985, homeschooling legality was not defined in the laws of the State of Texas. Thus, homeschooling parents interpret the lack of prohibition as giving them the right to homeschool, while the school district interprets it as a barrier. The requirements are clarified in the important case of "Leeper vs. Arlington Independent Schools District (AISD)", which sets clear standards and guidelines for defining homeschools and removes doubts about the legality of homeschooling in the State.
The Texas Education Agency (TEA) has no authority to administer homeschools. TEA considers homeschools to be equivalent to non-accredited private schools; TEA states that private schools do not need to be accredited, and have no authority to regulate them as well. The only requirements in state law are:
- The state law requires that schools, regardless of type 1) should teach reading, spelling, grammar, math, and "good citizenship" (usually citizenship). 2) The curriculum must be in visual form 3) must be taught by means of bona fide (which means there must be a real intention to actually provide education). The curriculum can be any type of media provided in a visual form (eg textbooks, workbooks, and computer-based including via the Internet), can be obtained from any desired source, and should not be provided or approved by the state or local school district before use.
- State laws do not specify the minimum number of days of the year, or hours of the day, that must be met for non-public schools. Nor does it mandate specific time on the day in which classes should be held, thereby potentially eliminating punishment for violating mandatory absentee laws that include public primary schools.
- State laws do not require standard testing for non-public school students.
- State laws do not restrict homeschool families from incorporating into one group setting for educational purposes. (However, homeschool supporters like the Texas Home School Coalition (THSC) warn that if more than three children outside the family are involved, problems may arise with local zoning procedures, and state licensing for childcare may be necessary.
- State laws do not require yearly registration or archiving for non-public schools.
- State laws do not require teacher credentials, or proven capabilities for non-public schools (although private schools are permitted to request such conditions of employment); lack of required credentials or proven capabilities intended to enable parents to teach their own children.
- State laws require notification only if the child is previously in a public school and withdrawn; the only notice required is a letter informing the school district of parents' intentions, and only one letter is required in the initial decision to withdraw the child from public school and homeschool (no annual letter required). Homeschool parents from day one, and never enrolling their children in a public school, no need to give notice.
Homeschool students may enroll in a public school, but they are not required to do so.
Virginia
To teach children at home, teacher's parents must meet at least one of the following criteria:
- Have a legal high school diploma (or higher degree, as may be obtained through the university), which must be submitted to district supervisors - a GED does not meet these requirements
- Saves a valid teacher certificate as approved by country
- Provide distance or correspondence curriculum approved by the Superintendent of Public Teaching
- Provide proof that they, as parent teachers, can meet the Virginia Learning Purpose Standards
Parent teachers should annually tell the district about their intent to teach children at home. Children should have all state-mandated vaccinations required by students in public education, with the exception of those who are under the protection of religious liberation (ie, the family faith teachings forbid them to go to school). Part-time enrollment in public schools is rare, but it is possible for home-taught students to take some classes (often math and high-level science or electives such as foreign languages ​​whose parents do not feel confident to teach). A student who is home-study may or may not be eligible to play sports for school in their area, depending on the school.
Other options not covered by the above include home instruction by a certified tutor with a Virginia Board of Education teaching license and a legitimate religious exemption. The latter, unique to Virginia, is due to differences in family religions that can not be reconciled with public education. It often deals with science and social studies, which can teach information that is contrary to certain family beliefs. If parents provide sufficient evidence that a child's family has religious support that school is repugnant to their faith, and fills out the appropriate form, none of the above is needed to teach a child at home.
At the end of each year, districts should be given written documentation that students have made academic progress. This could be through a letter from an educator who holds a master's degree or higher in education who has evaluated student achievement through portfolio submission or via report card or transcript of an accredited program (ie, college or correspondence program used as the main curriculum). If this is not available, the use of some form of "normed national standard achievement test" is required. The score reached must be above or above the twenty third percentile. Some of the tests that can be used include "Stanford Achievement Test, Comprehensive Basic Ability Test (CTBS), California Achievement Test (CAT), Iowa Basic Skills Tests (ITBS-TAP), Science Research Associates (SRA), or Woodcock-Johnson Education Batteries. "
Since homeschool children do not receive a diploma from the state of Virginia, one of the major struggles they face is entering a community college or higher education. Those who do the correspondence curriculum get a diploma from the program, while others get GED. Children receiving home instruction are not required to take the SOL exam, which may contribute to the inability to obtain a diploma accredited by the state. However, this did not stop many home-study students in Virginia from college and study a wide variety of subjects. It just means that there are many considerations given for scores on achievement tests like SAT and Advanced Placement exam.
Washington
Under the laws of the state of Washington, RCW 28A.225.010 education is mandatory for children up to eight years old or if the child is officially enrolled in a public school. Washington does require (RCW 28A.225.010) that homeschools teach reading, writing, spelling, language, math, science, social studies, history, health, work education, art and music appreciation. However, subjects do not have to be taught separately, and the state does not require time or schedule to be submitted or complied with, in addition to meeting the annual evaluation requirements. Each year students must be evaluated in accordance with RCW28A.200.010 law, in the form of:
- Standard achievement test approved by the State Education Council
- OR non-test assessments administered by a Washington State-certified teacher who currently has to work in education.
The test is confidential and only parents receive a copy. The Washington Homeschooling Organization (WHO) lists individuals who can perform tests, or non-test evaluations.
Both tests and results should be stored per RCW 28A.200.010 but not specify in what form is stored (Original or copied), they are not required by any state agency and parents do not need to share them. However, the records may, and may be requested by the school administration if the parents then decide to enroll their children in a formal school. The state needs immunization records in accordance with the law, and requests that further records be kept on instructional and educational activities.
To start homeschooling parents must annually submit the Declaration of Intent to Provide Homes Under RCW 28A.200.010 Instruction and become a country eligible for homeschooling (RCW 28A.225.010).
Testing and rating
Countries also differ in their terms of testing and assessment. Following the general trend toward easing requirements, less than half of the state now requires any testing or judgment. In some countries, homeschooling students are required to submit standardized test results (sometimes from a predetermined test list) or to have a narrative evaluation conducted by a qualified teacher. Other countries provide flexibility for parents in the type of assessment to be proposed.
Again, using California as an example, students enrolled in public programs are encouraged to take the same standard year-end tests that all public school students take, but students who use tutors or registered in private schools, homeschool or not, are not required to perform tests any. Texas also does not require a standardized test for any student outside the public school arena, and the absence of such a test can not be used to discriminate against enrollment in higher education.
Recognition complete
There is also a distinction between states in finishing children from homeschools. In countries where homeschools should, or may be operated as other private schools, graduation requirements for all private schools in the country generally apply to homeschools as well. Some state education laws do not have graduation requirements for private schools, leave them to private schools to determine students who meet graduation requirements, and thus allow homeschool children to have the same privileges. (For example, as mentioned above, Texas considers homeschools to be equivalent to non-accredited private schools.)
Homeschooling is increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to institutional education, and fewer families are targeted for prosecution. In an unintentional demonstration of increased acceptance of homeschooling, California's state-run Delaine Eastin inspector caused a furore by informing the state legislature that homeschooling was illegal and that families could not form their own private schools or teach them children without credentials. He called for a legislative "solution" to "problems" growing from homeschooling. The legislature refused to take any action. Then, Ms.'s successor East, Jack O'Connell, instructed his legal staff to review state laws.
Homeschooling supporters were told by one of the Department of Education prosecutors that the state had reversed the position it had taken under Eastin's term. The statement that parents can not teach their own children or form their own private school is excluded from the state Department of Education website. Although some officials still retain a traditional view, the prosecution of piracy in California is much less frequent now than under the leadership of Ms Eastin. The prosecution still fails regularly, and district attorneys now usually refuse to file such cases.
Curriculum
Curriculum requirements vary from state to state. Some countries require homeschooling children to submit information about their curriculum or lesson plans. Other countries (such as Texas) simply require that a particular subject be covered and do not require the submission of the curriculum. Still others, like North Carolina, view homeschool as a kind of private school, giving every homeschooling the freedom to choose an appropriate curriculum for their students. While many complete curricula are available from various secular and religious sources, many families choose to use various resources to cover the necessary subjects. In fact, it is not uncommon for a student who is studying at home to earn a number of college credits from college 2- or 4 years before completing grade 12.
Some countries offer public school programs at home. These online or virtual public schools (usually charter schools) mimic the major aspects of the homeschooling paradigm, for example, teaching takes place outside the traditional classroom, usually at home. However, students in the program are actually public school students and are subject to all or most of the requirements of other public school students. When parents enroll their children in such a program, they effectively hand over control of the curriculum and programs to public schools, although ordinary observers may think they are homeschooling.
Some public school programs at home give parents leeway in curriculum choices; others require the use of a prescribed curriculum. Parental control or student control over the curriculum and program, however, is a hallmark of homeschooling. Taxpayers pay a fee for providing books, supplies, and other necessities, for public school students, as they do for conventional public school students. The US Constitution ban on religious stipulation applies to public school programs at home, so taxpayers' money can not be legally used to purchase a religious curriculum.
Access to resources
A small number of states have laws that require public schools to provide students who are studying in their homes with access to district resources, such as school libraries, computer labs, extracurricular activities, or even academic courses. In some communities, homeschooled children meet teachers regularly to review curricula and suggestions. Laws in some states provide an option to the districts to provide students who are studying in their homes with access to these resources.
Public libraries will also encourage homeschooling. Librarians can assist in procuring the resources needed for homeschooling such as internet access, database access, and interlibrary loan materials. Starting a conversation with a librarian may lead to new knowledge about available resources, because librarians work with frequent home-study customers.
Access to interscholastic athletic competition varies from state to state.
- Some state athletic associations, such as the Kentucky High School Athletics Association, completely ban the homeschool children from interscholastic competitions; either by prohibiting homeschooled children from competing for member schools of state federations or by banning member schools to compete with independent teams of homeschoolers. In such circumstances, homeschooled children may only compete among other homeschoolers or against schools that are not members of the state's interscholastic athletic federation.
- Other countries allow homeschooled children to compete for public schools they should attend based on where they live; for example, former NFL quarterbacks and current ESPN analyst Tim Tebow, capable of playing high school football because according to Florida law, public schools should allow homeschoolers in the absence area to be barred from access to extracurricular activities, including university athletics. The success of Tebow has inspired similar laws to be introduced in other countries, including Texas.
- Still other anticyclical athletic associations of other countries allow homeschoolers to set up teams that compete with other established schools, but do not allow homeschooled children to compete in established school teams. The Texas Private Schools and Parishes Association, the largest of several regulatory agencies for non-public schools in Texas, use this option, as is the High School Athletics Association in Michigan, although MHSAA allows such contests during the regular season to play only. li>
Homeschooling and homeschooling admissions
Many students choose to pursue higher education at the college or university level, some through double enrollment in high school and through standardized tests such as the College Level Examination Program (CLEP) and the DANTES Subject Tests (DSST).
The College Board recommends that home-study students continue to keep detailed records and portfolios to assist them in the admissions process.
Over the last few decades, US colleges and universities have become increasingly open to receiving home-study students. 75% of colleges and universities have official policies for homeschool acceptance and 95% have accepted applications from homeschoolers to enter. Documents that may be required for enrollment vary, but may include ACT/SAT scores, essays, high school transcripts, letters of recommendation, SAT score 2, personal interviews, portfolios, and GEDs. 78% of admissions officers expect home-studying students to perform well or better than traditional high school graduates in college. Students who came from homeschool graduated from college at a higher rate than their counterparts - 66.7 percent compared to 57.5 percent â € "and gained a higher average point rate along the way.
The students have taken matriculation in more than 900 different colleges and universities, including highly selective admissions institutions such as the US military academy, Rice University, Haverford University, Harvard University, Stanford University, Cornell University, Northwestern University, the University Brown, Dartmouth University, and Princeton University.
Athletics homeschool
In 1994, Jason Taylor was a homeschool soccer player in Pennsylvania who was involved in a legal battle against the National Athletic Athletic Association (NCAA, the premier supervisory association that regulates athletic colleges of the US) and the classification of homeschooling athletes basically high school kids. Taylor's legal victory has set a precedent for thousands of other homeschool athletes to compete in college and achieve equal opportunities in education and professional development enjoyed by other athletes. Other homeschool students who have climbed to the top of college competitions include NCAA 2005 winners Chris Lam, Kevin Johnson from the Tulsa University basketball team, the 2010 Big Players of Jesse Sanders from Liberty University Flames and 2007 Heisman Trophy Winner Tim Tebow from the University of Florida. In 2012, another homeschool student is a Heisman Trophy finalist: Collin Klein from Kansas State University.
In Texas, Six-Man Football has also been popular among homeschooled children, with at least five teams downgraded for the 2008-2009 season. Interestingly enough, the top 3 spots in the Texas Independent State Championships (TISC, also referred to as "Ironman Bowl") are claimed by the homeschool team.
Advocacy organization
There are several national homeschooling advocacy groups, such as:
- Home School Lawyers Association (HSLDA)
- Alliance for Intellectual Freedom in Education
- Center for Liberty Homeschool
- The American Homeschool Association
- National Home Education Network
- The HomeSchool Lawyers' Association
- National House Education Law Defense
- * National Alliance of Secular Homes Children
- The Texas House School Coalition
Homeschooling Convention
There are many homeschooling conventions and conferences featuring exhibitors and workshops. There are two main types of homeschooling conventions: public and organizations (Christian, Secular, Catholic). Some of the larger events in the United States include, but are not limited to the following:
- Alabama Homeschool Expo (Montgomery, AL)
- CHEA Convention (Pasadena, CA)
- FPEA Convention (Orlando, Florida)
- HEAV State Convention & amp; Educational Exhibition (Richmond, Virginia)
- HSC Conference (San Francisco Bay Area, California)
- Southeast Homeschool Expo (Atlanta, Georgia)
- ICHE conventions (usually in Naperville, Illinois, suburbs of Chicago)
- The Texas Home School Coalition Convention (Arlington and The Woodlands, TX)
References
External links
- "Online Providers Online Curriculum Free School, for PreK-12".
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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