Iaid? ( ??? ) , abbreviated by acknowledge ( ?? ) , is a Japanese martial art that emphasizes awareness and is able to quickly draw swords and respond to sudden attacks.
Iaido is associated with a smooth and controlled movement to draw the sword from its sheath (or me), hit or cut off the opponent, remove the blood from the knife, and then replace the sword in the holster. When starting a practitioner he may begin to learn with a wooden sword (
Practitioners from diaido are often referred to as iaidoka .
Video Iaid?
Asal usul nama
The term 'iaido' appeared in 1932 and consists of a kanji character? (i) ,? (ai), and? (d?). The origin of the first two characters, hey ( ?? ) , is believed to come from saying Tsune ni ite, ky ? ni awasu ( ?????????? ) , which can be roughly translated as "being persistent ( ready), match/meet (opposition) soon ". So the main emphasis in 'iai' is on the current psychological condition (?). The secondary emphasis is on drawing a sword and responding to a sudden attack as soon as possible (?).
The last character, "is generally translated into English as a way.The term 'iaido' is roughly translated into English as" a way of mental presence and immediate reaction ", and popularized by Nakayama Hakudo.
This term comes from a general tendency to replace the -jutsu (? ) ("art") with - d? (? ) in Japanese martial arts to emphasize the philosophical or spiritual aspects of the practice.
Maps Iaid?
Destination diaido
Iaido includes hundreds of swordsmanship styles, all using non-aggressive goals and objectives. Iaido is an intrinsic form of modern Japanese budo.
Iaido is a reflection of the morale of classical warriors and to build a spiritual, harmonious person with high intelligence, sensitivity, and will. Iaido to mostly done solo as a word problem, implementing a strategy changed against a single rival or a fantastic variety. Every word begins and ends with a veiled sword. Regardless of the sword method, it requires creative ability and fixation to keep the original battle inclinations and keep the new word. Iaidoka is regularly prescribed to practice kendo to maintain the fighting spirit; it's normal for kendoka high positions to hold high rank in diaido and vice versa.
To precisely do the word, iaidoka also learns to train and develop, hold and swing. Sometimes he or she will train word-handlers like kendo or word kenjutsu. In contrast to kendo, diaido has never been honed by competing for free.
Moral and religious influences on iaido
The metaphysical aspect in iaido has been influenced by some philosophical and religious directions. Iaido is a fusion of Confucian ethics, Zen methods, philosophical Taoism, ritual cleansing of Shintoism and aspects of bushido.
Seitei-gata Technique
Because iaido is practiced with weapons, it is almost entirely practiced using solitary forms, or words done against one or more imaginary opponents. Some people say there are in some schools from diaido; consequently, iaidoka usually uses bokken to practice the word. Iaido puts the competition in word form but does not use any sparring. Because of this non-combat aspect, and the emphasis iaido on the right movement, controlled, and flowing, sometimes referred to as "Zen movement". Most styles and schools do not practice tameshigiri , cutting techniques.
Part of iaido is nukitsuke . This is a quick sweepstakes of the sword, accomplished by simultaneously drawing the sword from me and also moving my back to biki .
History
Iaido began in the mid-1500s. Hayashizaki Jinsuke Shigenobu (1542 - 1621) is generally recognized as the organizer of Iaido. There are many Koryu people (customary schools), but only a few are left today. Nearly every one of them also concentrates on the more experienced schools made in the middle of the seventeenth-seventeenth century, in the same way as Muso-Shinden-ryu, Hockey-ryū, Muso-Jikiden-Eishin-ryu, Shinto-Munen-ryu , Tamiya-ryu, Yagyu-Shinkage-ryu, Mugai-ryu, Sekiguchi-ryu, and others.
After the collapse of the Japanese feudal system in 1868 the founders of modern discipline borrowed from the theory and practice of classical discipline as they learned or practiced. Establishment in 1895 from Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) ?????? (lit. "Japanese Self-Defense Martial Society") in Kyoto, Japan. is also an important contribution to the development of modern Japanese swords. In 1932 DNBK formally approved and acknowledged Japanese discipline, iaido ; this year is the first time the term iaido appeared in Japan. Following this initiative, modern forms of swordsmanship were organized in several large organizations. During the post-war Japan, Dai Nippon Butoku Kai and its affiliates were dissolved by World War II Allies in the period 1945-1950. However, in 1950, Dai Nippon Butoku Kai was rebuilt and the practice of Japanese self-defense discipline resumed.
In 1952, Kokusai Budoin, Federation of International Martial Arts ( ??????????? , Kokusai Budoin Kokusai Budo Renmei ) (IMAF) was established in Tokyo, Japan. IMAF is a Japanese organization that promotes international Bud, and has seven divisions representing various Japanese martial arts, including iaido.
In 1952, All Japan Kendo Federation (ZNKR) was established, and All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR) was founded in 1948.
After the formation of various organizations overseeing the martial arts, the problem of equality emerged. Since organizational members are drawn from a variety of backgrounds, and have the experience of practicing various schools from iaido, the need arises for a common set of words that will be known to all members of the organization, and it can be used for a fair assessment of the practitioner's skills. The two largest Japanese organizations, All Japan Kendo Federation (ZNKR) and All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR), each created their own set of words for this purpose.
Word under each organization itido
T? h? Iaido
The All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR, Zen Nihon Iaido Renmei , founded 1948) has a set of five forms of koryu iaido, called T? H ?, donated from the five main schools that make up the organization.
- Mus? Jikiden Eishin-ry? The school was founded during the late Muromachi period (about 1590). ('Mae-giri')
- Mugai-ry? The school was founded in 1695. ('Zengo-giri')
- Shind? Munen-ry? The school was founded in the early 1700s. ('Left-age')
- Sui? -Iry? The school was founded at the beginning of the Edo period (circa 1615). ('ShihÃÆ'Â'-giri')
- H? ki-ry? The school was founded during the late Muromachi period (about 1590). ('Kissaki-gaeshi')
Seitei Iaido
Seitei or Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei Iaido (??) ("the basis of Iaido") is a technical form based on seitei-gata , or a standard form of sword drawing technique, made by Zen Nihon Kendo Remmei (All Japan Kendo Federation) and Zen Nihon Iaido Remmei (All Japan Iaido Federations). The standard set of Iaido This word was made in 1968 by a committee formed by the All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF, Zen Nippon Kendo Renmei) or ZNKR). Twelve forms of Seitei iaido ( seitei-gata) are standardized for tuition, promotion and propagation from diaido in iaido clubs, which are members of the regional Kendo federation. All dojo, who are members of the regional Kendo federation, teach this set. Since the federation of members of the International Kendo Federation (FIK) uses the seitei gata as the standard for their big test and shiai , seitei iaido has become the most widely practiced form of diaido in Japan. and the whole world. Other organizations
One style feds usually do not have a standard set of "ratings", and use the word from their koryu curriculum for assessment and demonstration.
Iaido school
Many large organizations promote swordsmanship from seiza (sitting position) and refer to their art as iaido . One of the popular versions is Mus? Shinden-ry? ?????, iaido system created by Nakayama Hakud? (1872-1958) in 1932. Mus? Shinden-ry? is an interpretation of one of the Jinsuke-Eishin lines, called Shimomura-ha.
Another line from Jinsuke-Eishin, called Tanimura-ha, was created by Got? Magobei Masasuke (died 1898) and? E Masamichi Shikei (1852-1927). That? Masamichi Shikei who started officially referring to iaidoido branch as Mus? Jikiden Eishin-ry? ??????? during Taish? era (1912-1926).
Another famous Iaido school is Toyama-ry? (???), founded in 1925 in Japan. It was created by the Japanese army during World War II to create a simplified form. This style emphasizes the most important aspects of drawing and cutting. After the war it became obsolete, but revived after 1952.
Rank in Iaido
- Read more in Dan's article (ranking).
Ranking in iaido depends on the school and/or member federations owned by a particular school. Iaido as practiced by the International Kendo Federation (FIK) and the All Japan Iaido Federation (ZNIR) use the kyu-system, which was created in 1883.
Modern Kendo is almost completely regulated by FIK, including a ranking system. Iaido is often associated with FIK or ZNIR, although there are many kory that still exist? which may use a menkyo scoring system, or a completely different system. Iaido as directed by FIK assigned a rating of 10 and as the maximum possible rating, although no 10th practitioner still lives in Kendo, there are still many in Iaido. Although there are some practitioners who are still alive and the 9th from kendo, All Japan Kendo Federation only currently rewards up to 8th and. Most other federation members from FIK have followed, excluding Iaido.
Iaido International Sports Competition
Iaido, in its modern form, is practiced as a competitive sport, governed by the All Japan Kendo Federation. AJKF maintains the standard of word diaido and etiquette, and organizes competitions.
The diaido competition consists of two heidoka do their words next to each other and simultaneously. Competitors will be judged by a panel of judges according to the standard rules.
Europe Kendo Federation has been organizing the diaido championship since 2000, and this competition is held every year.
organization Iaido
Many national and regional organizations manage and promote the activities of diaido. Organizations that at the international level include iaido are the following organizations:
Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK), founded in 1895 in Kyoto, approved and recognized discipline iaido.
The Federation of International Martial Arts (IMAF) was established in Kyoto in 1952 and is dedicated to the promotion and development of martial arts around the world, including iaido.
The International Kendo Federation (FIK), founded in 1970, is an international organization for Kendo practitioners, Iaido and Jodo, who are many national Kendo federations.
All Japanese Iaido Federations (or Zen Nippon Iaido Renmei) (ZNIR) were founded in 1954 "in accordance with the spirit of the Japanese bushido to continue the time-honored system of Kobudo Iaido".
World Mus? Jikiden Eishin-ry? Iaido Federation, founded in Tokyo in 2011, is dedicated to ensuring MJER Iaido's orthodox transmission to future generations around the world, as well as promoting and conserving the development of other schools.
Zen Nihon Toyama Ryu Iaido Renmei (ZNTIR) was founded in Machida Japan after World War II was created as "Toyama-Ryu Shinko kai" founded by Tokutomi Tasaburo and Nakamura Taizaburo the guntÃ… Soho instructor at the Toyama Ryu Military Academy for the Imperial Japanese Army. Over time "Toyama-Ryu Shinko-Kai" was renamed as Zen Nihon Toyama Ryu Iaido Renmei, and practiced eight words from a derivative of guntÃ… Soho.
See also
- Batt? Jutsu
- Iaijutsu
- Sweepstakes
- Kendo
- Kenjutsu
- Samurai
External links
The following organizations are the national Iaido federation in Japan:
- All Japan Kendo Federations (ZNKR/AJKF), national organizations for Kendo practitioners, Iaido and Jodo, FIK members. (in Japanese)
- Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) in Kyoto, a national - and international organization for iaido in Japan.
- The Federation of International Martial Arts (IMAF) in Kyoto, the national - and international organization for iaido in Japan.
- All Japan Iaido Federations (ZNIR special information site). (in Japanese)
- Iaido Japan Federation (Nippon Iaido Renmei/NIR)
Iaido in the United States is under the auspices of the All-US Kendo Federation (AUSKF) and various regional Kendo federations who are members of AUSKF.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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