Pipe fitting or pipefitting is the job of installing or repairing piping systems or pipes that deliver liquids, gases, and sometimes solids. This work involves selecting and preparing pipes or tubes, joining together in various ways, and locating and repairing leaks.
Piping works are carried out in many different settings: HVAC, manufacturing, hydraulics, refineries, nuclear-powered supercarher and fast attack submarines, computer chip manufacturing plants, power plant construction and other steam systems. Plumbers (sometimes called only "handyman") are represented in the United States and Canada by the United States and Canada Pipeline and Pipe Fittings and Manufacturers Association at the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices.
Pipefitters work with various pipe and tubing materials including several types of steel, copper, iron, aluminum, and plastic. Installation of non-pipeline pipes; both are related but trades separately. Plumbers specializing in fire prevention are called Sprinklerfitters, others are related, but trades separately.
Materials, techniques and usages vary from country to country because different countries have different standards for plumbing.
Video Pipe fitting
Steel pipe
Steel pipes (or pipe black iron ) were once the most popular choice for flammable water and gas supplies. Steel pipes are still used in many homes and businesses to deliver natural gas or propane fuels, and are a popular choice in fire spray systems because of their high heat resistance. In commercial buildings, steel pipes are used for conveying heating or cooling water to heat exchangers, air handlers, variable air volume devices (VAVs), or other HVAC equipment.
Steel pipes sometimes join using threaded connections, where the tapered yarn (see National Pipe Yarn) is cut to the end of the tube segment, the sealant is applied in the form of a sealing yarn compound or yarn sealing band (also known as PTFE or Teflon band), and then connected to the associated threaded fitting using two pipe locks. Beyond domestic or light commercial arrangements, steel pipes often combine with welding, or by the use of mechanical couplings made by companies such as Victaulic or Anvil International (formerly Grinnell) that hold the joint pipe joints through pressed or cut grooves (rarely used). exercise older), to the end of the pipe.
Other variations of steel pipes include various stainless steel and chrome alloys. In this high pressure situation it usually combines with TIG welding.
In Canada, with respect to natural gas (NG) and propane (LP gas), black iron pipes (BIPs) are typically used to connect devices to the supply. It should however be marked (either painted yellow or yellow attached at certain intervals) and certain restrictions apply that nominal pipe size (NPS) can be inserted through walls and buildings. With propane in particular, BIP can be run from an outer tank (or cylinder) provided it is well protected from the weather, and the type of anode protection from corrosion exists when the pipe will be installed underground.
Maps Pipe fitting
Copper pipe
Copper pipes are most commonly used for hot and cold water supply, and as cooling channels in HVAC systems. There are two basic types of copper pipe, soft copper and rigid copper. Copper pipes join using a flare connection, compression connection, or solder. Copper offers a high level of resistance to corrosion, but becomes very expensive.
Soft copper
Soft copper pipe (or ductile) can be bent easily to walk around obstacles in the pipeline. While the working hardening of the drawing process used to measure tubing makes the copper hard/stiff, it is carefully annealed to make it soft again; therefore it is more expensive to produce than non annealed rigid copper tubes. It can be combined with one of three methods used for rigid copper, and it is the only type of copper pipe suitable for flare connections. Soft copper is the most popular choice for refrigerant channels in split systems and heat pumps.
Flare connections
The flare connection requires that the tip of the tube portion be spread out in the form of a bell using the flare tool. A flare nut then compresses this bell-shaped tip into a male fitting. Flare connections are labor-intensive methods to make connections, but are reliable enough over the years.
Rigid copper
Rigid copper is a popular choice for aqueduct. It joins using sweat, compression or wrinkled/pressed connection. Rigid copper, rigid due to work hardening of the drawing process, can not be bent and must use elbow fittings to round the corner or around obstacles. If heated and left slowly, called annealing, the rigid copper will become soft and can be bent/formed without cracking.
Soldering connection
Folders are fine solder, and easily slip to the end of the tube section. Both the male and female ends of the pipe or pipe connector are coated with flux to ensure no surface oxides and to ensure that the solder will bind properly with the base metal. The connection is then heated using a torch, and the solder is melted into the joint. When the solder cools, it forms a very strong bond that can last for decades. Rigid copper connected with solder is the most popular choice for water supply channels in modern buildings. In situations where multiple connections have to be done at once (like new building piping), soldering skates offer much faster and much cheaper than compression or flare fittings. The term sweat is sometimes used to describe the process of soldering pipes.
Compression connection
Compression fittings using soft metals or thermoplastic rings (compression rings or "ferrule") are squeezed into the pipe and into fittings by the compression nuts. Soft metal matches the surface of the tubing and fitting, and creates the seal. Compression connections usually do not have the longevity offered by the sweat connection, but are advantageous in many cases as they are easily made using basic equipment. The disadvantage in compression connections is that they take longer to be made than sweat, and sometimes require tightening over time to stop the leak.
Connection that is bent or pressed
Connections are flattened or pressed using special copper fittings permanently attached to rigid copper pipes with electrically charged crimper. Special fittings, manufactured with sealant already inside, slide over the tubing to be connected. Thousands of pounds of force per square inch of pressure are used to damage the fitting and press the sealant against the inner copper tubing, creating a watertight seal. The advantages of this method are:
- The correct wrinkle connection will last for the tube.
- It takes less time to complete than other methods.
- Cleaner in appearance and material used to make the connection.
- No open flame during connection process.
The drawbacks are:
- The fittings used are harder to find and cost far more than sweat fittings.
- Fittings can not be reused. If design changes are required or if the connection is found to be damaged or not wrinkled properly, fitted fittings shall be cut and discarded. Additionally, the necessary cuts to uninstall will often leave the insufficient pipe to install a new installation, so additional couplers and pipes must be installed on both sides of the replacement installation. While with soldered fittings, broken joints can only be re-soldered, or heated and reversed if small changes are required, or heated and removed without the need for tubes to be cut. It also allows more expensive fittings such as valves to be reused if they are in good shape to new conditions, something is not possible if the fittings are creased.
- Tool cost is very expensive. Starting in 2016, a basic device required to dry all solder copper pipe from a common single family residence, including fuel and soldering, can be purchased for about $ 200. In contrast, the minimum cost of basic crimping tools starts at around $ 1800, and can reach $ 4000 for a better brand with a complete set of crimping dies.
Aluminum pipe
Aluminum is sometimes used because it is cheap, resistant to corrosion and solvents, and its ductility. The aluminum tube is more desirable than steel for the delivery of a flammable solvent, since it can not create sparks when manipulated. Aluminum pipe can be connected with flare or compression fitting, or can be welded by TIG or heliarc process.
Glass pipe
Tempered glass pipes are used for special applications, such as corrosive liquids, medical or laboratory waste, or pharmaceutical manufacturing. Connections are generally made by using special gasket or O-ring fittings.
Plastic pipe
Occupational hazards
Plumbers are often exposed to hazardous or hazardous materials, such as asbestos, lead, ammonia, vapor, flammable gases, various resins and solvents including benzene, and various refrigerants. Many advances were made in the 20th century to eliminate or reduce the exposure of hazardous materials. Many aspects of hazardous materials are now regulated by law in most countries, including the use and release of asbestos, as well as the selection and handling of refrigerants.
Other occupational hazards include weather exposure, weight lifting, hazard destruction, lacerations, and other normal risks for the construction industry.
Work scope
- Blueprint
- Details
- CAD Image Coordinator
- Layout
- Support and install Hangers
- Pipe scrolling
- Pipe Milling
- Welding (MiG, GMAW, TiG, SMAW, Orbital)
- Plasma cutting
- Mechanical and grooving pipe cutting
- Gas bow cuts
- Rigging
- Soldiers
- Solder
- Mitering
- The tube is bent
- Valve installation and repair
- Preparation and installation of medical gas pipes
See also
External links
- www.ua.org - United States Fire and Pyrotechnics Association of Pipes and Pipes in the United States and Canada
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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