Track spikes , or just spikes , are the racing shoes used by athletes during a race on the track. Some nails are designed for long-term training on the track, but generally shoes are used for racing. The term "spikes" can also refer to track shoes that feature such bulges, even though these are technically called pins . Nails are similar to buttons, which are used for team sports, although generally smaller and with sharp points.
Video Track spikes
History
Track spikes have become popular in the UK in the 1860s, but the concept of shoe spikes to provide walking traction has been around much longer. As written in the 1852 publication of the Calmet's Dictionary of the Holy Bible on military weapons at the time of the Apostle Paul (c5 - c 67):
"Have shod feet with preparations from the gospel of peace;" not iron, not steel; but patient inquiry, quiet questions; diligent, exhausting, eternal; if not, more precisely, with a strong foothold in the gospel of peace. Whether the apostle here means burly, well-tanned skin, well-prepared skin, by its "preparation for the gospel of peace" or shoes that have nails in it, which, running to the ground, gives resilience to the soldiers who wear it, it can be said more continue after this. We'll just add, that Moses seems, at least according to our rendering, to have some references to shoes, either plated, or spiked, on soles, when he says, (Deuteronomy xxxiii. 25.) "Your shoes will be iron and brass, and like your days will be your strength. "
To pioneer the use of nails, J.W. Foster and Sons's revolutionary run pump appears in the book, Golden Kicks: The Shoes that change the Sport . The company started distributing shoes across the UK and worn by British athletes. They were made famous by Olympic 100m champion Harold Abrahams (who will be immortalized in the Oscar-winning Chariots of Fire) at the 1924 Summer Games held in Paris.
In 1934, American footballer and coach Pop Warner recommended them to run the show in his widespread book, Warner's "Pop" book for boys.
In addition, Adolf Dassler, founder of Adidas, helps in the development of track spikes for several events. In an effort to improve the quality of thorny athletic shoes, he switched from a heavy metal nail model earlier to try to take advantage of canvas and rubber. He carved them with his hands and was eventually worn during the 1936 Olympics by Jesse Owens. People began to notice, and Owens inherently helped popularize Dassler's design. The track spike continued to gain important recognition when Emil Zatopek, a long-distance runner from the Czech Republic, wore it during the 1952 Olympics at Helesinki.
Maps Track spikes
Design
The sole front has a rigid or semi-rigid spike plate containing between 3 and 9 threaded holes called spike wells. Nails can be screwed into each well using spike locks. Recently, some people have tried to add "through the hole" at the bottom of the spike to make it easier to tighten, disconnect, and install.
Some shoes have permanent or "fixed" spikes that are not meant to be removed. The spike may break during the competition.
The track shoes are very light, some shoes weighing less than five ounces (142 grams) each, half the weight of standard running shoes.
In most shoe tracks, the toe area curves upwards to allow room for spikes to stand out and to encourage athletes to walk on their feet. This upward angle, known as "taper," varies greatly depending on the purpose of shoe use, and the pointed angle can be rigid or flexible. Shoes with big tapers are said to be "aggressive."
Importantly, it should also be noted that this shoe design can cause damage to the athlete if it is worn for a long time beyond the competition. Injuries can occur when walking in a relaxed way, because the athlete is not on his toes, which is the way in which the shoe is meant to wear.
Shoe type
There is considerable variation among the track shoes depending on the purpose of its use in track and field sports.
Sprint spikes generally have very stiff spike plates with the largest number of spike wells. Lancip is the highest and most rigid in sprint spikes, maximizing energy transfer efficiency with each step. Very little heel support is needed because runners spend most or all of their time on their toes. Sprint spikes may have zip-cover instead of, or next to the rope to improve aerodynamics. Sprint spikes must fit strongly but they should not be so tight that the cramps of the toes run off and they should not be too loose which will result in the runner losing strength and speed. They should be tighter than regular athletic shoes but still comfortable enough to perform.
Long-distance shoes have a more flexible spike plates with fewer taper and fewer spikes. Due to longer racing spacing, support through mid-foot and heel is as important as efficiency with distance spikes. This means that the spike in distance generally has a softer, more durable sole, especially through the heel area. Although still "glove-like," fitting for the spikes is generally slightly looser than the sprint spikes, given the longer duration of the race.
The intermediate spike is a combination of running shoes and long-range shoes, featuring mid-level taper, spike plate rigidity, bearings and support. Specific mid-range spikes are also popular among hurdlers because they have a relatively steep point for sprints and soft heels for landing.
Cross-country surge usually has no more than six spike points and is similar to spacing in many ways. However, given the range of terrain encountered off-track, the cross-country surge has a more durable rubber sole and supportive middle legs to provide unneeded bearing and stabilization levels on the track. Depending on the length of the race, the type of surface and personal preference, the cross-country surge can be left behind for the sake of flat racing.
Shoes for field events and special events vary greatly depending on the specific requirements of each event. For example, the long jump shoes most similar to sprint spikes to provide the highest speed, high jump boots have a flat footing and heel spikes to allow energy transfer through the entire foot, and steep shoe shoes are primarily waterproof mesh for extraordinary ventilation. While shoes to shoot, throwing discs and hammers have flat rubber soles with no spikes, they may still be sometimes referred to as "track spikes."
Leading surge manufacturers include Adidas, Asics, Brooks, Mizuno, New Balance, Nike, Puma AG, Reebok and Saucony.
Type of spikes
While most of the spikes are between 3/16 inch (5 mm) and 1/2 inch (12 mm) in length, the most common is 1/4 inch (6 mm). In addition, there are various special lengths, as well as minimal "blank" nails (also called buttons) that are used to cover the spikes well. Spikes are generally metal or ceramic and have three main types: pyramid, needle (pin), and compression level (Christmas tree). The pyramid is a cone-shaped nail that tapers to a sharp point. They usually have a maximum diameter almost equal to the diameter of the spike yarn. The needle also has a sharp point, but a thinner cone diameter. Track spikes create traction by penetrating the surface of the track. Some tracks do not allow spike pins and limit the length of the pyramid spike to minimize damage to the track. Variations for synthetic tracks are Christmas tree spikes. It uses a stratified cone shape with a flat tip for pressing rather than penetrating the underlying trajectory and using the force of the track reaction to restore energy to the runner, increasing the speed of the runner. Because it does not penetrate the surface of the track, reducing the wear on the track. Because the tip is flat rather than pointy, it's less dangerous for other runners in terms of "thorns." Finally, there is a dull Tartan nail that is most commonly used for rubber tracks.
See also
- Flat racing
- Cleats (shoes)
- Comparison of orthotics
- Start blocking
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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