German vehicle registration plate (German: Kraftfahrzeug-Kennzeichen or, more colloquially, Nummernschilder ) shows where the vehicle carrying them was ever registered. Whenever German motor vehicle owners change their primary residence in Germany or buy a car from people living in different cities or districts they must have the documentation of the vehicle changed. In process owners can choose a new license plate that reflects their residence or just retain the old identifiers and plates. Hesse, Schleswig-Holstein, Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and North Rhine-Westphalia were the first to enact legislation so that the owners no longer have any obligation to change the license plate if they changed their residence in their respective states. The national law has been passed by the federal government and came into force on 1 January 2015. From now on, it is usually no longer possible to inform the landlord just from viewing the plates.
The option to obtain temporary plates allows owners to have financial savings if they have a vehicle (such as a motorcycle) that they will drive for only a certain part of the year. While temporary plates can only be used for the time printed on them and new ones must be commissioned and purchased if the vehicle should be on a public road at a later date there is no need to regularly update the regular plates. German motor vehicle taxes are paid separately from license plates with annual direct debit from bank accounts.
In 2007, the new license plate usually cost around EUR30, while the cost of de-registering vehicles and re-registering with new plates is between EUR10 and EUR40. The number plate itself is not made by the registration office but by independent non-profit stores that are usually located in the same building as the registration office or nearby. After successful enrollment, the applicant is only given a piece of paper with a set number that can be presented at each store that makes the slab. Sometimes there are some stores around the registration office with prices for plates dropping stores further away from the registration office. Once the plates are made, which is only a few minutes, the owner must return to the registration office with them, pay the registration fee and then the required registration seal and security test sticker applied to the license plate that makes it legal for use in traffic.
If vehicle ownership is permanently transferred to a new owner living in the same city/territory then the registration number may remain unchanged. However, administrative costs should still be paid in respect of the necessary changes to the official documentation of the vehicle. However many people will replace the license plate even though it is not necessary to personalize it.
Video Vehicle registration plates of Germany
Format
The German license plate format has now been in use since 1994. Like many plates for countries in the European Union, the blue strip on the left shows the country code shortened in white text ( D for < span lang = "de" title = "German text"> Deutschland = Germany) and the European flag (12 gold stars in a circle with a blue background).
The remaining license plate uses a black print on a white background. Right after the country code strips stand for one, two or three letters, representing the city or region where the car was registered, like B for Berlin. These letters previously coincided with the German district. Since 2013, the letters have been extended to the former district. In some cases, the neighboring urban and non-urban districts have the same letter code. If this happens, the following number of letters and numbers is usually different. For example, the urban district Straubing (SR) has one letter after the code (SR-A 123). The area around Straubing-Bogen has two letters (SR-AB 123) after the code. However, these different systems are used in fewer cases, as many cities that share their code with surrounding rural counties have begun using all the codes for the two districts without distinction; German Regensburg , for example, and rural areas around Regensburg using the system which differ only until 2007.
The number of letters in the city/region prefix code mostly reflects the district size. The basic idea is to calculate the number of digits on all number plates, since the largest districts will have more digits after the prefix for more cars. The largest German cities generally have only one letter of code (B = Berlin, M = Munich, K = Cologne ( KÃÆ'¶ln ), F = Frankfurt , L = Leipzig , S = Stuttgart ), most other districts in Germany have two or three letter codes. Therefore, cities or districts with fewer letters are generally considered larger and more important. Therefore, most districts try to get a combination with fewer letters for the prefix code.
The eastern district of Germany usually has more letters, for two reasons:
- Fewer people live in the eastern district of Germany, so the number of registered cars is smaller and therefore uses three letter codes.
- With the introduction of the current system on 1 July 1956 in West Germany then including Berlin (West), letters had been provided for all eastern German districts at that time. However, many districts have changed over the years, and in 1990 after German reunification, many of the shorter possible combinations have been used in western Germany.
There are a number of exceptions, e.g. Germany's second largest city Hamburg (HH, Hansestadt Hamburg , because of its historical membership in the Hanseatic League, already reflected in its prefix between 1906 and 1945). Likewise with the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven, forming the free Hanseatic City of Bremen, sharing the general prefix of HB (1906-1947, and again since 1956 ), distinguished by the number of letters and digits added.
In 1956 the LÃÆ'¼beck also received the previous HL prefix, already in use between 1906 and 1937, when its status was removed. In the analogy with these three northwestern cities, but without the historical example of the pre-released prefix, the four northeastern Hanseatic cities, Greifswald Greifswald , Rostock , Stralsund and Wismar , choose HGW, HRO, HST and HWI prefixes, due to shorter HG (
More western German counties have a prefix originating from the names of their capitals: Ammerland (WST, after Westerstede ), German Dithmarschen (HEI, after German language text Heide in Dithmarschen ), Harburg (WL, after German language span lang =" de "title =" text " Winsen upon Luhe ), Herzogtum Lauenburg ( RZ, after Ratzeburg ) etc.
The letter "G" is reserved for the German East German language Gera , although much smaller than the German West Gelsenkirchen (" GE "). The letter "L" has been provided for German Leipzig , but in 1977 it was assigned to a newly formed city of Lahn , and rural languages ​​ Lahn-Dill-Kreis . This gave little light on how unlikely reunification was considered at that time, coming five years after the Basic Treaty normalized the relationship between the two Germans. In 1990, Leipzig reclaimed the letter "L", and it was transferred, and the German text " > Lahn-Dill-Kreis should change to LDK.
The reason for this scheme is not to display the size or location, but just have enough combinations available in a maximum length of eight characters per plate.
After the location name there is a round vehicle security test and sticker seal registration (see below) placed on top of each other. The registration sticker is at the bottom. For vehicles required to bear the front and rear plates, the front plate currently only displays the seal of the registration seal. Prior to 2010, where the year of emissions testing becomes part of vehicle safety testing, hexagonal emission test stickers are placed on top of it. Stickers followed by one or two letters are usually random and one to four numbers are usually random. The total number of letters and numbers on the plate is never higher than eight. A single letter with low number identifier is usually reserved for motorcycle use because the space for the plates in this vehicle is less.
The problem with this scheme is that the space between geographic identifiers and random letters is a significant character and should be considered when writing numbers. For example, BÃ ¢ MW 555 is not the same amount as BM W 555. Confusion can be avoided by writing hyphens after city code, such as on old license plates, such as B-MWÃ, 555. For this reason, the police will always distribute the name of the location and state the next letters using the German telephone alphabet, which is somewhat different from that of English. Thus, BÃ, MW 555 will be broadcast as Berlin, Martha, Wilhelm, fÃÆ'¼nf-fÃÆ'¼nf-fÃÆ'¼nf and BMÃ, WÃ, 555 as Bergheim, Wilhelm, fÃÆ'¼nf-fÃÆ'¼nf-fÃÆ'¼nf .
For an additional fee, car owners of EUR10.20 may also register a personal identifier. Car owners can only select numbers or letters instead of random ones at the end, provided they are of course not taken and not a banned combination. For example, a person living in the city of spada lang = "de" title = "German text"> Pirna may choose PIR-AT 77 , Pirat becomes German for" pirate ". Kiel is one of the few places where the license plate can be a city name: 'KI-EL'. In most cases private plates, people choose the initials and numbers that reflect their birth date. In this mode, the Lady's fiction of Ulrike Mustermann was born May 2, 1965 and lives in German language span lang = "de" title = "German text"> will select 'E UM 2565' for his car. Note that dates are given in DDMMYY format in Germany.
Germany includes diacritical signs in some codes, the letters ÃÆ'â € and ÃÆ'Ã… ". Such things are rarely done in other European countries, but also appear in regular Montenegro, Croatian and Serbian (letters?,?,?,? And?), ÃÆ'â € | land registration plates (letters ÃÆ'â € |), as well as in Swedish (ÃÆ'â € |, ÃÆ'â € ždan ÃÆ'â € ") and Danish (ÃÆ'â €, ÃÆ'ËÅ" and ÃÆ'â € |â € |) personal registration plates. In Germany there are not two codes where the only difference is that one letter O and Q, the only pair of codes with letters I and J are IL for Landkreis Ilmenau and JL for Landkreis Jerichower Land .
BMW, Mini owner, register all Mini press/car marketing in the city of Minden , which holds the MI code, to get the license plate number "MI-NI" for car. BMW itself is based in Munich, but the plate "M-INI" is impossible to publish, because three letters after the district code is not allowed.
A banned combination
Various combinations that can be considered politically unacceptable - mainly because of the implications associated with Nazi Germany - are prohibited or avoided. The German uses its main city name, Pirna, in its PIR code, to avoid using SS , name of paramilitary organization; same SA is also not used. Although between 1945 and 1949, the French occupation forces used a combination of SA followed by a two-digit number 01 through 08 for the seven rural districts of the Saar Protectorate and its capital of SaarbrÃÆ'¼cken SaarbrÃÆ'¼cken . In 2004 in Nuremberg, the owner of the car rejected the number plate that started N-PD due to connections to the NPD political party. The combination of STA-SI, HEI-L, IZ-AN and WAF-FE is also avoided, to avoid contact with Stasi, Nazi salute, NAZI retreat and German word for each weapon.
The prohibited combination also includes the abbreviated Nazi HJ (hits German) HitSerjugend Hitler, NS ( Nationalsozialismus , National Socialism), SA ( Sturmabteilung ), SS ( Schutzstaffel ), KZ ( Konzentrationslager , concentration camp) and often SD ( Sicherheitsdienst ). Some registration offices ignore this rule by mistake, however, and there are some registered cars carrying forbidden codes, such as B-SS 12 . Some countries also allow this combination if they are the owner's initials (eg: N or S chmidt may be able to get XX-NS 1234), but in this case, if the car is sold and re-registered in the same area by the new owner, the number can be changed (otherwise the number will remain with the car until it is registered in a different area). However, the combination of HH (which can be translated as Heil Hitler ) is used for the city of Hamburg, was first introduced in 1906. This is an abbreviation of the city title Hansestadt Hamburg (Hanseatic City of Hamburg). The combination of AH (which can be interpreted as Adolf Hitler's Adolf Hitler ) is used for the Borken . This is from the German Ahaus which has its own district until 1974.
In Brandenburg there is no new plate associated with Hitler, the honor of Hitler, other Nazi symbols, etc. Can be excluded, especially slabs that have numbers 1888, 8818, 8888 or ends at 88, 888, 188. Combinations of AH 18 and HH 18 can not be issued to new owners.
Other affected combinations are BUL-LE (small German for police, roughly equivalent to * pig *), MO-RD (German for murder) and SU-FF (* being drunk *).
History
The first German number plate that had a post plan was issued from 1906 onwards. Berlin for example using I A (I for Prussia), Munich II A (II for Bavaria), Stuttgart III A (III for WÃÆ'¼rttemberg ). Other German countries use further Roman numerals such as IV (Baden), V (Hesse), and VI (Alsace-Lorraine; now France). Many countries use prefixes derived from country names, such as B (Brunswick), HB (Bremen), HH (Hamburg), and HL (LÃÆ'¼beck), the last three are used again for the same entity since 1956. Other major cities: IV B Baden (German sp: lang = "de" title = "German text"> Heidelberg Mannheim , Karlsruhe , Freiburg , Lake Constance), Nuremberg II N and FÃÆ'¼rth . Prussian Province has the following prefix: IE Province of Brandenburg (in the small part of now Poland), Province of East Prussia IC (now divided between Lithuania, Poland and Russia), IS Hannover Province, Hesse-Nassau IT Province (Today Frankfurt, Hesse State and neighboring countries), IL Hohenzollern Province, Rhine Province IZ (Cologne, DÃÆ'¼sseldorf and other major cities in Ruhr Region), IH Province of Pomerania (now Poland), IY of Posen Province (now Poland), IB Province of Posen-West Prussia (now Poland), IM Province Sachsen, Schleswig-Holstein IP Province, IK of Silesia Province (now mostly Polish), IX of Westfalen Province, and finally ID West Prussian Province (now Poland).
During the First World War the German Army was given a MK combination for MilitÃÆ'¤rkraftwagen des Deutschen Heeres , a military vehicle from the German Army. After World War I, during the Weimar Republic, the German Army used RW for the German Reichswehr Reichswehr .
Third Reich Era
During the Nazi regime (1933-1945) a new combination was published: German Deutsche Reichsbahn (German railroad); Deutsche Reichsbahn (German railroad); OT, Todt organizations (civil and military engineering); POL, Deutsche Polizei/"Orpo" (police); RAD, Reichsarbeitsdienst (state labor service); RK, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz (Red Cross); SS, Schutzstaffel ("squadron protection", using German West Germany Postwar
From 1945 to 1956 there was a combination of letters given by the allied forces. Example: BY Bavaria (Bayern) 1946-1947, AB Bavaria (American Zone, Bavaria) 1948-1956, B Bavaria 1950-1956. HE Hesse 1946-1947, AH Hesse (American Zone, Hesse) 1948-1956, H Hesse, 1950-1956. AW WÃÆ'¼rttemberg-Baden 1948-1956, W WÃÆ'¼rttemberg-Baden, 1950-1956, WB WÃÆ'¼rttemberg-Baden 1950-1956. ? M (= BM, for motorcycle) 1945-1946, ?? (= GF; cars, lorries, and buses) Berlin 1945-1946, ?? (= BG; cars, lorries, and buses) Berlin 1945-1947 ,? M (= GM, for motorcycles) Berlin 1945-1947, KB Berlin 1947-1948, GB East-Berlin 1948-1953, West-Berlin KB 1948 -1956. MGH Hamburg 1945, Hamburg H 1945-1947, HG Hamburg 1947, BH Hamburg 1948-1956. BD Baden 1945-1949, FB Baden 1949-1956. WT WÃÆ'¼rttemberg-Hohenzollern 1945-1949, FW WÃÆ'¼rttemberg-Hohenzollern 1949-1956.
In July 1956 the current system was introduced in West Germany, replacing a postwar system based on the occupation zone.
As the district of West Germany was extensively reassembled in the early 1970s, many of the outdated and newly created prefix codes were made at the time. However, the license plate issued before this rearrangement remains valid, provided that the vehicle is still in use and has not been re-registered. So it's still possible, if rare, to see classic cars with administrative unit registration codes that have not existed for more than 30 years (eg EIN = German span lang = "de" title = "German text"> Einbeck ). Since November 2012 some districts have allowed re-submissions of this expired prefix code request, e.g. instead of WES- in the German language Wesel district, MO- as used for the previous district Moers and DIN- as used for the previous district Dinslaken .
When originally planned, the system entered the code for the district in East Germany that had to be ordered until reunification. It belonged to the GDR region as well as the annexed territory to Poland and the Soviet Union after World War II, still claimed by the West German government in that era until around 1970. When reunification came in 1990, the code reserved (eg P for Potsdam) was indeed was issued to the districts of East Germany in January 1991 as originally planned and at the time. However, the districts of East Germany were rearranged in the mid-1990s, so many of these codes were outdated, but still can be seen in older vehicles.
One example of backup codes re-used before reunification is the letter L originally planned for German Leipzig , but given to the newly formed Hessian city of Lahn and Lahn-Dill-Kreis Leipzig and Lahn-Dill -Created published with LDK instead.
Another backup code is G for German Gera . In the 1980s the German West German TV series Der Fahnder [1] G is a fanciful city in Ruhrgebiet .
Typeface
Modern German plates use fonts called German language sprites FE-Schrift ( fÃÆ'Â ¤ lschungserschwerende Schrift , script destroyer-destroyer). It's designed to O not be painted to look like Q , and vice versa; also can not P painted resembles R , among other changes. This typeface can also be more easily read by optical character recognition software for automatic license plate recognition than the old DIN 1451 script.
Custom code
Some vehicle types have a special code:
- Classic cars (known in German by English-language pseudo-English expression Oldtimer ) can get H ( text) on the end of the plate, like K-AA 100H to defend the so called "vehicle of cultural value" ( kraftfahrtechnisches Kulturgut ). This also includes a flat tax of about EUR190 per year. It is very popular to choose digits so they show years of car making. The requirements for vehicles for H-Plate are:
- The first documented recording lies at least 30 years in the past.
- The car must be in the most original and feasible condition. Decent preservation means class C based on popular car assessment standards. The older the car, the more signs of its use can be seen. This solely concerns the appearance of the car, road feasibility established by mandatory separate safety inspection. Universalally accepted modifications include helpful safety changes, such as seat belts and disc brakes, and environmental friendliness, such as catalytic converters and LPG conversion (if not visible from the outside). Further modifications generally accepted are contemporary from the first registration of the car (plus and minus 10 years, burden of proof rests on the owner through historical material such as photographs) and new paintjobs of any color, including double-pink paint if initially offered and company logo historic, but no murals or special patterns.
- Plug-in electric vehicle . The 2015 Electric Mobility Act issues licensees of special license plates for plug-in electrical vehicles to enable proper identification to avoid misuse of these privileges. Special number plates add the letter "E" at the end of the license number. Owners of all electric cars and plug-in hybrids with a minimum power range of 30 km (19 mi) can apply for a special license. The minimum range for eligible plug-in hybrids increases up to 40 km (25 million) starting January 1, 2018.
- Cars (or more often, motorbikes) with seasonal plates have two numbers at the end of the plate indicating the month between which they are registered for driving, with a valid license from the beginning of the upper month until the end of the month lower. This results in lower car taxes, as well as lower insurance premiums.
- Until the 2006 legal reforms, Official cars such as police, fire brigade, and city vehicles did not carry letters after stickers, such as M-1234
- district government vehicles: 1-199, 1000-1999, 10000-19999
- local government vehicles (eg: firefighters): 200-299, 2000-2999, 20000-29999, 300-399
- police: 3000-3999, 7000-7999, 30000-39999, 70000-79999
- disaster relief (mostly changed "THW", see below): 8000-8999, 80000-89999
This plate style is no longer issued, but many of the registered vehicles prior to 2006 still carry this type of plate.
The German version of Versicherungskennzeichen ("license plate") is used for mopeds and other small, low-power vehicles (such as vehicles for physical disability , with a maximum speed of 50 km/h, 31 mph). The system is three digits at the top and three letters underneath. Letters and letters are selected randomly so that personalization of dishes is not possible. Plates are much smaller than plates for normal cars and are only valid for one year from 1 March to the end of February of the following year. The plates are sold by insurance companies, so fees include registration, and a one-year insurance fee for vehicles. There are four colors used: black, blue, green for normal plates, and red for temporary use, such as testing (very rare). The first three colors are changed every year to make it easier to see if the vehicle has the right plates and insurance.
Maps Vehicle registration plates of Germany
Emissions, security tests, and registration stickers
Emission test (front plate) and vehicle security test (back plate) stickers are also affixed to the plate before 2010, where the year the emission sticker becomes obsolete as emission test is put into safety test and not done separately anymore. The expiration date can be seen as follows: The year is in the middle of the sticker, and the sticker is pasted with an expiration month pointing up. The black mark beside (near 12) thus makes it easier for the police to see the expired moon from a distance. Like clock, the marking shows the same position of a number in front of the clock. For example, the black mark is on the left side, so this is the ninth month (or 9 o'clock) and hence the expiration date is September 30th. Six possible color codes for the year when the next security test is due and repeat once the six year period has passed.
The bottom sticker is the official sign of registration. It always carries the seal of each German language Bundesland with the city or district of publication added in print. Some seals carry German Bundesadler instead of German language span lang = "de" title = "text" Bundesland seal , like the number plate used in German Bundespolizei .
All these stickers are specially treated for easy transfer to the license plate, but are difficult to remove without damaging the plate itself, making it relatively fake.
Cars found in public places where their owners do not pay for insurance for more than three months (as reported to police by insurance companies) may acquire entstempelt , that means, is not clogged : The police will remove the official state seal using a scratch tool (mostly screwdrivers), leaving plates without a valid stamp, and that it would be illegal to even leave a parked car in a public place, unless the insurance is paid and a plate comes with a new official seal.
After the plate is invalid, the registration seal is tainted by a qualified officer. After that, the dishes are often sold to collectors at online shopping sites, such as eBay.
When the owner chooses to revoke his/her vehicle, the officer at the local authority will want to see the license plate with the damaged seal on them as proof that no law plate with this identifier can be found publicly again. For this purpose, special machines are available for use in the office. Once destroyed, plates can only be used legally on public roads for one trip back to the owner's premises. This is the recommended procedure for selling cars. Alternatively, the seller may hand over their car with a valid license plate and the paper is still in their name to the new owner so it gives them the responsibility to register the car in their name immediately. In a scenario without a proper sales contract, the seller may become liable when the buyer commits a criminal act related to a car or license plate and thus generally not advisable to sell used cars with license plates.
Motorbikes carry only rear plates.
See also
- Vehicle registration plate of the German Democratic Republic
- US Army vehicle registration plates in Germany
- Liste aller Kfz-Kennzeichen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (in German) List all the registration codes issued under the current registration system
- Liste der deutschen Kfz-Kennzeichen, die nicht mehr ausgegeben werden (in German) List of registration codes that are no longer issued
- Liste der deutschen Kfz-Kennzeichen (historisch) (in German) List of removed registration codes
- Liste der Kfz-Kennzeichen in Deutschland (in German) Sign up now this is the registration code issued
References
External links
- German Number Plate, Also shows how to make it (saved 2011-12-21)
- The history of the German number plate
- More information about German car license plates and their history
- City Code Germany, City Complete Code List MÃÆ'¼ll
- Photo plates from Germany
- Details about German plates
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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