Buddhist culture is exemplified through Buddhist art, Buddhist architecture, Buddhist music and Buddhist cuisine. As Buddhism evolved from the Indian subcontinent, it adopted the art and cultural elements of the host country in other parts of Asia.
Video Culture of Buddhism
Fitur budaya Buddha
Ekonomi Buddhis
The economy or the way in which work life is organized and the fulfillment of production demands is an integral part of any culture. The Buddhist economy is an integral part of Buddhist culture. The Buddhist economy does not work to maximize consumption but human well-being, which lies in simple, purposeful and filial life, where decent livelihood is earned. Humans must remain faithful to their inheritance and avoid materialistic pursuits. Mechanical and redundant work that robs the soul of a meaningful pursuit is seen as low, while too much free time is also disapproved. Women who are part of the active workforce are perceived as a failure of the economic system, because women must go to keep the children to enjoy the economic way, while children are ignored.
Buddhism and health care
For Buddhism, mental health is the most important and individuals must strive to improve this by practicing nonviolence and refraining from wrong sexual behavior and lying. However, the Buddhist tradition does recognize physical irregularities. Pain and suffering can not be avoided like death, taking any form of medicine is not forbidden. Drugs taken should not be intoxicating or affecting the clarity of the mind in any way. Every physical being must be endured with patience and fortitude, for every form of physical suffering allows time for self-reflection and spiritual progress. The best way to cure diseases is to improve one's diet by practicing vegetarianism, reflecting a non-violent way of life. Buddhism also emphasizes fasting on special days that help revitalize physical and spiritual beings. Any form of organ transplant has been regarded as the highest form of generosity as well.
Buddhist Art
Buddhist art originated from the Indian subcontinent in the centuries after the life of Gautama Buddha historically in the 6th century to the 5th century BC, before evolving through contact with other cultures and diffusion through the whole of Asia and the World. The first aniconic phase, essentially Indian, avoids direct representation of the Buddha, followed from around the 1st century AD by the iconic phase (with a direct representation of the Buddha). Since then, Buddhist art has diversified and evolved as it adapts to the new countries in which religion flourishes. It thrives north through Central Asia and into East Asia to form the branch of Northern Buddhist art, and to the east as far as Southeast Asia to form the southern branch of Buddhist art. In India, Buddhist art developed and even influenced the development of Hindu art, until Buddhism almost disappeared around the 10th century with the expansion of Hinduism and Islam.
In the earliest forms of Buddhist art, the Buddha is not represented in human form but is represented using signs and symbols such as footprints or empty thrones. From the 5th century BC to the first century BC, Indian artists will create scriptures that revolve around the themes of the Buddha's historical life and the Buddha's previous life. The reluctance to the anthropomorphic representations of the Buddha, and the development of sophisticated aniconic symbols to avoid them (even in narrative scenes in which other human figures would emerge), are believed to be related to 70 Buddhist words that do not reflect his representation after his extinction. body. This phase is defined as an anarchic phase of Buddhist art. The iconic phase begins in the 1st century AD where the Buddha is given a realistic feature and proportion of human beings.
Buddhist Architecture
The most famous Buddhist religious architecture was developed in South Asia in the 3rd century BC.
Two types of structures are associated with early Buddhism: stupas and monasteries. The initial function of the stupa is the worship and safe guarding of the Buddha's relics. The earliest stupa example is in Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh). In keeping with changes in religious practice, stupas are gradually incorporated into chaitya-grihas (stupa hall). This reached their culmination in the first century BC, exemplified by the Ajanta and Ellora cave complex (Maharashtra). The monastery was developed to accommodate the growing and increasingly formalized Buddhist monasticism. Examples are there in N? Land ?, (Bihar).
The beginning of the school of Buddhist architecture can be traced back to B.C. 255 when Emperor Mauryan Asoka established Buddhism as the religion of his great royal state and encouraged the use of architectural monuments to spread Buddhism in different places.
Buddhism, which was also the first Indian religion to require a large communal and monastic space, inspired three types of architecture; the first is a stupa, an important object in Buddhist art and architecture. The Stupa holds the most important place among all the earliest Buddhist statues. At a very basic level, the Stupa is a burial mound for the Buddha. The original stupa contained the ashes of the Buddha. Stupas are dome-shaped monuments, used to keep Buddhist relics or to commemorate significant Buddhist facts.
The second type of architecture unique to Buddhism is the Buddhist temple, which also contains a residence hall for the monks. The third type is the chaitya , the meeting hall containing the stupa (without relics). The main hall of the chaitya is set to allow to surround the stupa inside.
Buddhist Music
Buddhist music clearly includes Honkyoku, Buddhist, and Shomyo. Honkyoku are shakuhachiyoku pieces for enlightenment and alms as early as the 13th century.
The Buddhist song is a song used or inspired by Buddhism, including many genres in many cultures. It includes:
- Repetition of Amit's name? bha in Pure Land Buddhism.
- Shomyo in Japanese Tendai and Shingon Buddhism.
- Throat singing in Tibetan Buddhist song (one aspect of Tibetan Buddhist music)
Song music, most often in Tibetan or Sanskrit, is an integral part of religion. The singing is very complex, often reciting sacred texts or in celebrations of various festivals. Singing without timer, accompanied by drum resonance and low syllable and sustainable.
Shomyo (??) is a style of Japanese Buddhist hymn; especially in the Tendai and Shingon sects. There are two styles: ryokyoku and rikkyoku, described as difficult and memorable.
Many of the ritual instruments used in connection with Buddhist practice include singing, bells, tingsha, drums, cymbals, wind instruments, and others.
The relationship between Buddhism and music is considered complicated because music associations with worldly passions caused early Buddhists to condemn music practice, and even musical observations, to monks and nuns. However, in Buddhist holy sites Buddhism of the Holy Land is represented as a place of music where Buddhist law takes the form of a melody. Most Buddhist practices also involve singing in some forms, and some also use instrumental music and even dance. Music can act as an offering to the Buddha, as a means of memorizing Buddhist texts, and as a form of personal cultivation or meditation.
To purify the listener's heart, the Buddhist melody is strong yet gentle and pure. Buddhist music plays a central role in the daily cultural practices of Buddhists because it is also played in many ceremonies such as weddings and funerals.
Buddhist music developed when Buddhism spread to Tibet. The Tibetan Buddhist tradition encourages the use of singing and dancing in certain ceremonies. A wide variety of instruments such as special drum types, wind pipe, spiral shells, and trumpets are used in larger ceremonies.
Praise songs are usually used in Buddhist culture in ceremonies to make offerings or invite the presence of Buddha and Bodhisattva. The Buddhist Song reveals five virtuous qualities of sincerity, elegance, clarity, depth, and inner balance and it is believed that listening to singing hymns or fanbei regularly can provide the following five graces: reduction in physical fatigue, less confusion and forgetfulness, reduction in mental fatigue, larger, and ease in expression and communication. Therefore, in Buddhist practice, hymn or fanbei play an important role in everyday life, for example in a ceremony of repentance. They are not designed to try to lift or excite participants or practitioners, but in fact aim to help conserve emotional energy, calm the mind, reduce desire, and enable practitioners to see their true nature with clarity.
Buddhist cuisine
Buddhist cuisine is a kind of cuisine especially for people who believe in Buddhism. This is known as zh? IÃ, cÃÆ' i means "refining" or "discipline", cai means "cuisine" or "vegetable") in China, and < b> sh? jinÃ, ry? ri means "devotion", ry> ri means "cuisine") in Japanese, and with many other names in other countries. Because the understanding of animals as conscious and suffering beings, many Buddhists do not kill animals and many do not eat meat (other than those who die naturally, and from species where the consumption of brothers does not interfere with living life). The main Mahayana sutras show the Buddha forcibly denouncing the consumption of the flesh and advocating vegetarianism (vegetarianism in Buddhism). Some Buddhists in China and Vietnam also avoid eating strong smelling crops such as onion, garlic, spring onion, onion, and green onion, and call it the wu hun (??, 'Five Spices'). The vegetarian vegetarian chef has become very creative in mimicking meat using prepared wheat gluten, also known as "seitan" or "wheat bacon", soybeans (like tofu or tempeh), agar, and other plant products. Some of their recipes are the oldest and most delicate meat analogs in the world.
Buddhism prohibits alcohol and other liquor because they can lead to violations against others from the "Five Moral Precepts": not killing, stealing, committing sexual offenses, lying or partaking of liquor. In addition, liquor obscures the mind and disrupts the concentration needed to attain enlightenment.
Some Buddhist sects in China and Vietnam are banned onions, garlic, onions, onions and onions, known as "five spicy spices." Spices are said to cause anger (raw) and passion (cooked), and their smell is also said to expel the Gods and attract ghosts and hungry devils.
Strict adherence to vegetarianism is a rule for priests, monks, nuns and those who feel they are on Bodhisattva's path - except in some schools and sects.
Buddhist Festival
Japanese festivals and Barua festivals often involve Buddhist culture, as does the pagoda festival held as an exhibition held at a Buddhist temple in Myanmar. Features of the Tibetan Buddhist festival may include traditional cham dance, which is also a feature of several Buddhist festivals in India and Bhutan. Many festivals in Nepal are religious festivals involving Buddhism, as are many traditional Burmese festivals. The Lunar New Year Festival in the Buddhist countries of East, South and Southeast Asia includes some aspects of Buddhist culture, but they are regarded as a cultural festival opposed to religion.
Buddhist institution
- Buddhist Buddhism
- Buddhist council
Other cultural elements
- Buddhism and society
- Japanese art and architecture
- Buddharupa (religious statue)
- Thangka (religious painting)
Maps Culture of Buddhism
See also
- List of Buddhist festivals
- Religious festivals
- Buddhist holiday
- Buddhist Calendar
References
External links
- Holy Vision: Preliminary Painting from Central Tibet, exhibition catalog from the Metropolitan Art Museum (available online entirely as PDF), containing material on Buddhist culture and art
- Manuel Valencia, Conceptual Buddhist Approach
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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