In a movie, a television program or a video game, opening credit or opening of the title is displayed at the very beginning and a list of the most important members of the production. They are now usually displayed as text superimposed on blank screens or static images, or sometimes above the action in the show. It may or may not be accompanying the music. When opening credit is built into separate sequences of their own, the correct term is the title sequence (such as the title sequence of familiar James Bond and Pink Panther).
Credit opening since the early 1980s, if any, identifies key actors and crew, while closing credits record a broad crew and production crew. Historically, however, credit opening has been the sole source of crew credit and, for the most part, the players, though over time tendency to repeat players, and may add some players, with their roles identified (as is not always the case in opening credits) , evolved. The rise in television movies after 1964 and the "shelf life" of films in theaters increasingly contributed to the credit convention that came with television programs since the beginning, holding most of the players and crew information for display in theaters. end of event.
In movies and television, title and opening credits can be preceded by "cold open", or teaser (in other words, short scenes before the main action), which helps set the stage for episodes or movies.
Video Opening credits
Histori
Until the 1970s, the closure of credits for films was usually only a list of members of players with their identified roles, or even just saying "The End," which required the opening of credits to usually contain the details. For example, the movie title sequence of 1968 Oliver! lasts for about three and a half minutes, and although it does not list the full list, it lists almost all of its technical credits at the beginning of the movie, all set against the background of what appears to be, but in fact no authentic 19th century carvings of London life typical. The only credit at the end of the movie is the list of most players, including unregistered players. This is set against a replay of some of the "Consider Yourself" sequences.
Some opening credits are presented above the movie opening sequence, not in a separate title order. The opening credits for the 1993 film The Fugitive continued intermittently during some opening scenes, and did not finish until fifteen minutes in the movie. The opening of the credits for the 1968 movie Once in the West lasted fourteen minutes.
The first sound film that started without an opening credit was Walt Disney Fantasia, released in 1940. In the general release of the movie, the title card and the credit "Color by Technicolor" were connected to the beginning of the movie, but otherwise no credit, although credit closing was added to the 1990 anniversary release and was on videocassette. This common release version is the most commonly seen by audiences. In a movie roadshow version, unseen by most viewers until its DVD release, the title card is only visible at the midpoint of the film, as a signal that the break will begin soon. The interruptions were omitted in the general release version.
Orson Welles' Citizen Kane starts with just a degree credits. This practice was very rare during that era.
West Side Story (1961) begins with an injection of ink sketches from the skyline of New York City as when a movie was made. When the shooting background changes color several times, we hear the introductory medley (not in the original show) of some movie songs. When the end of the cover ends, the camera pulls back and we see the remaining movie title credits shown as graffiti at the end of the movie.
Most Disney movies released between 1937 and 1981 have all the information associated with the movie in the opening credits, while the closure consists only of "The End: A Walt Disney Production" credit. However, Mary Poppins is the first Disney movie to have an older closing credits, in which all the main cast members (and characters they play) are listed.
Most Soviet films present all the information associated with the movie in the opening credits, not on closures consisting only of "THE END" (Russian: ?????????? , Konyets Fily-ma ). The typical Soviet credit opening sequence begins with the logo of the film company (such as Mosfilm or Lenfilm), the title of the film, followed by the screenwriter (the Soviet Union considers the playwright as the main auteur of his films), followed by the director, usually on separate screens, then followed by a screen showing other credits, with varying amounts, and finally, responsible film administrator, production director (Russian: ????????? ???? , Cartiny Director ). After this comes the players, usually in actor-and-role formats for all major and main players, and maybe then just naming screens, in groups of alphabets, some additional character players. The last credit screen identifies the studio that corresponds to the logo at the beginning, and the year of film production. It can also contain frames with technical information about cinematograph film producers (eg, Svema).
This basic method was also followed in most American films from the 1930s to the late 1980s, although, obviously, in American films there was no censorship of the director's name, except in the case of a blacklist. American films also tend to include the names of the actors before the names of directors, screenwriters, and other main crew members. Exceptions are made in the films of director Frank Capra, whose names are usually billed before the movie title. The name of Director Victor Fleming was also billed before the actors in films such as The Wizard of Oz , Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Joan of Arc . Capra, Fleming, and James Whale are three of the directors who received the credit "A [Director's name] Production" even though they did not produce their films.
The FranÃÆ'§ois Truffaut film of 1966 Fahrenheit 451 uses oral credits instead of written ones, according to the film's story of the world without reading the material.
Maps Opening credits
The 2000s trend
Many major American films have eliminated opening credits, with many movies, such as
George Lucas is credited with popularizing this with his Star Wars movie which only shows the movie title at the beginning. His decision to remove the opening credits in his films Star Wars 1977 and The Empire Strikes Back (1980) led him to resign from the US Board of Directors after being fined $ 250,000 for not crediting director during the opening title sequence. However, Hollywood has released the film without opening credit for years before Lucas came along, notably the Citizen Kane , West Side Story , 2001: A Space Odyssey > and The Godfather .
However, the "title-only" billing became a steady form for the summer blockbuster in 1989, with Ghostbusters II , Lethal Weapon 2 and The Abyss < i> following Exercise. Clint Eastwood has eliminated the opening credits (except for the title) in every film he directed since around 1982.
Credit only
With regard to the television series, it is now an accepted practice to give credit to regular players for every season episode, even if they do not appear in every episode. One example is the American television series Nip/Tuck , where the appearance of all the credited characters is rare. Another television series that credits all the regular customers for a season in each episode (regardless of whether they appear or not) is Lost , especially from season two onwards, where a fully credited player appears in just two episode of 23. During the fourth season Lost ', Harold Perrineau is credited for all thirteen episodes, although it only appears in five of them (less than some guest stars, such as Jeff Fahey).
The Charmed series also starts by credited every member of the regular cast even if they do not show up in the episode. The two episode season "Morality Bites" is the only episode where only three main actresses are credited, and then male cast members are only credited in the episode in which they appear. If ordinary actors are not shown in that special episode, the opening credits are edited with their images omitted and the actors are not credited.
TV series Police Squad! , in accordance with its parodic nature, displays characters that only appear on credit ("... and Rex Hamilton as Abraham Lincoln").
Opera Soap
Traditionally, actors in daytime soap operas are not credited in the order of opening episodes; this has happened because of the escapist tone of the soap opera genre and thus, soap manufacturers do not want cast members credited in the order of opening to keep this whole. The drawback is that players are often identified by fans as their persona sinetron and not as themselves, compared to actors on other television programs who, in many cases, can be identified by their own name.
In the 2000s, some sinetrons started using the opening sequence in which the actors were credited. The Young and the Restless is the first show to reward, at least, most of the actors in the contract with this series. The Bold and the Beautiful , produced by Bell-Phillip Television Productions (a subsidiary of Bell Dramatic Serial Company producer), began to credit all members of the contract cast in its opening title in 2005, four years after The Young and the Restless implemented it (however, unlike Y & amp; , The Bold and the Beautiful cycles between different title sequences depending on episode run time: two credit features - including one shorter sequence - and one that does not display a credit or cast member display). The Daytime Soap ABC Daytime began implementing the process in October 2002 with the debut of All My Children 'Scrapbook' which was used until May 2004. One Life to Live started displaying character credits in title order during the same time period with the opening of "Blue and White." The latest soap to enter credit for all contracting actors in its opening title is General Hospital after the February 2010 changes from credit opening (the introduction of credit-less resumed in 2012 with the introduction of shorter title sequences), although during the last years of the "Heart of the Heart" sequence from April 2003 to September 2004, the names of the main characters were shown alongside the video headshots of the players in the opening title sequence.
Often, only the Friday episode of the afternoon series will run the closing credits of the actors list. All players from the previous five episodes will be listed. Beginning in the 2000s, complete end credits began running more frequently. Days of Our Lives in particular currently credits all actors, those who are in contract, on a recurring status and with a starring starring role on the week's event, alternating each other episode with a closing credit sequence showing crew members of the program; in both instances, both versions are shown after the producer, director and credit writing ( General Hospital , The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful > i> crediting all players during their closing credits, although the last two are only recurring members of credits and guest acts are credited for their appearance that week only and General Hospital is mainly only major player credits and recurring members).
British soap operas never credit the members or crew members in their opening title nor show video or pictures of cast members. However, in recent years these programs have included writers, producers and directors above the first episode scenes and episode titles if they sign up. The opening title Hollyoaks shows regular characters in short scenes (less than a second) that are meant to capture their characters.
Common credit opening orders
While there are many variations, most opening credits use some variation from the basic sequence. In the absence of credit opening, these roles are often credited in reverse order at the beginning of closing credits.
- (NAME STUDIO) or (NAME OF THE STUDIO) PRESENTS
- The name of the studio that distributes the movie and may or may not produce it (Walt Disney Pictures, Columbia, Lions Gate, Universal, Marvel Entertainment, Dimensions, Miramax, Palmetto Moon Studios etc.).
- (PRODUCTION NAME OF THE PRODUCTION)
- The name of a production company that actually makes a movie or investment group name or a company that finances most of the film (usually credited as "in relation to" or "A [production name of the production]." ).
- CREDIT POSSESORI/S
- The ultimate artistic credit for this movie. Generally a movie director, but sometimes a producer or writer. Usually style "Film by [name]" or "A [name] movie". Sometimes placed before the title. (For example, "Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho").
- STARRING
- The main actor (sometimes the stars' and the director's credit will be reversed, depending on the star deal with the studio; in other cases, as in Rodgers and Hammerstein, or as in all three film versions Show Boat , or, as in many Disney movies, the movie title will be displayed before the names of the actors, sometimes, as in many Cannon movies, the main actor (s) name will be shown before the name (s) of the manufacturer (s), namely "The Cannon Group presents X in the production of Golan-Globus of the Y film").
- (FILM'S TITLE)
- The name of the movie.
- FEATURING or WITH or ALSO COLLECT
- Featured actors.
As a variation, some of the things below can be noted:
- GOWNS (old movie)
- SOUND RECORDING (old movie)
- CASTING or CASTING BY
- Casting director.
- MUSIC or MUSIC COMPOSED BY or ORIGINAL SCORE BY
- Music composer.
- EFFECT OF VISUAL EFFECT or VISUAL SECURITY CONTROL
- VFX Studio
- COSTUM DESIGN or DESIGNER COSTUM
- Costume designer.
- EDITOR or IN EDIT BY
- Film Editor.
- PRODUCTION DESIGN or PRODUCTION DESIGNER
- Production designer.
- DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY
- Director of photography.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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