Mary Tudor ( ; March 18, 1496 - June 25, 1533) was an English princess who became Queen of France and then the ancestor of a family who claimed the throne of England. The young living daughter of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, Mary became the third wife of Louis XII of France, more than 30 years older than him. After his death, he married Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk 1st. Marriage, conducted secretly in France, occurred during the reign of his brother Henry VIII and without his consent. This necessitated Thomas Wolsey's intervention, and although the couple was eventually pardoned by Henry, they were forced to pay a large fine.
Mary's second marriage produces four children, and through her eldest daughter Frances, Mary is the maternal grandmother of Lady Jane Gray, who was the de facto English king for nine days in July 1553.
Video Mary Tudor, Queen of France
First marriage: Queen of France
Mary is the fourth child of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and the youngest to survive in infancy. He was born in Sheen Palace, "most likely" in March 1496. The seal bill originating from mid-summer 1496 authorized the payment of 50 shillings to his nurse, Anne Skeron. Also, Erasmus states that he was four years old when he visited the royal nursery in 1499-1500. At the age of six, he was given his own household, complete with "a gentleman who was assigned to wait for him," a principal, and a doctor. He was given instructions in French, Latin, music, dancing, and embroidery.
As children, Mary and her brother, King Henry VIII of the future, share a close friendship. He will name his first surviving son, the future of Queen Mary I, in his honor. They lost their mother when Mary was only seven years old, and given the amount of bills paid to her pharmacist from 1504 to 1509, it seems that Mary's own health was fragile.
Known in his youth as one of the most beautiful daughters in Europe, Erasmus told him that "Nature never formed something more beautiful."
In 1506, during the visit of Philip I of Castile, Mary was called to entertain the guests, dance, and play the harp and clavicord. In September 1506, King Philip died, and on December 21, 1507, Mary was married to her son, Charles, who later became the Holy Roman Emperor. The engagement was canceled in 1513.
In contrast, Cardinal Wolsey negotiated a peace treaty with France, and on October 9, 1514, at the age of 18, Mary married the 52-year-old Louis XII King of France at Abbeville. He was accompanied to France by four honorable English servants, one of whom was Anne Boleyn, under the supervision of his adult mother, Joan "Mother" Guildford, who acted as the lady's main lady.
Despite two previous marriages, Louis did not have a live son, and attempted to produce an heir, but he died on January 1, 1515, less than three months after marrying Mary, supposedly obsolete by exertion in the bedroom but more probably from the effects of gout. Their union does not produce children. Following Louis's death, the new king Francis I made an effort to arrange a second marriage for the beautiful widow.
Maps Mary Tudor, Queen of France
Secondary Marriage: Duchess of Suffolk
Mary was unhappy with her marriage to King Louis XII, for by this time, she almost certainly had fallen in love with Charles Brandon, the Duke of Suffolk 1st. King Henry VIII was aware of the feelings of his sister Mary; letters from his sister in 1515 showed that Mary agreed to marry King Louis only on condition that "if he survived, he should marry whom he likes." However, King Henry VIII wants a future marriage to be his advantage. The King's Council, not wanting to see Charles Brandon gain further powers in court, also opposed the match. Meanwhile, rumors circulated in France that he would marry either Antoine, Duke of Lorraine or Charles III, Duke of Savoy. At one point, even King Francis I, perhaps in the hope that his wife, Queen Claude, had become one of Maria's suitors in the first week of her widowhood, where Mary had confirmed that she had given her the confidence to cancel the offer. A pair of French monks went too far to warn Mary that she should not marry Charles Brandon because she "trades with the devil."
When King Henry VIII sent Charles to bring Mary back to England at the end of January 1515, he made a Duke promise that he would not propose to her. However in France, Mary persuaded Charles to abandon this promise. The couple married secretly at Hotel de Clugny on March 3, 1515 in front of only 10 people, among them King Francis I. Technically, this was a betrayal when Charles Brandon had married a royal princess without King Henry's consent. Thus, King Henry VIII was angry, and the latrine insisted that Charles should be jailed or executed. Because of Thomas Wolsey's intervention, and the affection of King Henry for his two sisters and Charles, the couple were only given heavy fines. The fine is a payment of £ 24,000 to be paid to the King in an annual installment of £ 1,000, as well as the entire dowry of King Louis XII of £ 200,000, along with the golden plates and jewelry that had been given or promised to Mary by King Louis. A fine of £ 24,000, roughly equivalent to 7.7 million pounds today, was later reduced by the King. They were officially married on May 13, 1515 at Greenwich Palace in the presence of King Henry VIII and his nobles. Then in 1528, Charles secured a whale from Pope Clement VII who legitimized his marriage to Mary.
Mary is the third wife of Charles Brandon, and she has two daughters, Anne and Mary, with her second marriage to Anne Browne. He had died in 1511. Mary would raise the girls with her own children. Even after her second marriage, Mary is usually referred to in the English court as "Queen of France", and is not known as "Duke of Suffolk" in her life, though legally permitted. Mary spent most of her time in the country seat of Duke Westhorpe Hall in Suffolk.
In the late 1520s, the relationship between King Henry VIII and his sister Mary was tense as she opposed the King's attempts to obtain a cancellation of her marriage to Catherine of Aragon, whom Mary had known for many years. Mary developed a strong resentment for Anne Boleyn (wife of King Henry), whom she first met in France. Anne and her sister Mary Boleyn were among the honorable minions in the group who accompanied Mary to France for her marriage to King Louis XII. In March 1532, the Venetian ambassador Carlo Capello wrote of an incident in which "one of the honorable men in the Duke of Norfolk ministry, with twenty followers, was attacked and killed in the Westminster sanctuary Sir William Peninthum, the head of the man and relative of the Duke of Suffolk. that, the entire Court is in an uproar. "Though it is said to be caused by personal quarrels, he is" convinced it is because of the unpleasant language spoken of Mrs. Anne by Her Majesty's sister, Duke of Suffolk, Queen's French Mother. "
Death
Mary suffered from various illnesses, needing care all her life. He died, aged 37, in Westhorpe Hall, Suffolk, on June 25, 1533, for never fully recovering from the sweating illness he had caught in 1528. The cause of death has been speculated to have angina, tuberculosis, appendicitis, or cancer.
As a British princess, the king's daughter, the current king's sister, and the queen of the French widow, Mary Tudor's funeral and funeral was performed with many crucifixion ceremonies. Mass requiem was held in Westminster Abbey. His body was embalmed and held in the state at Westhorpe Hall for three weeks.
Funeral
On July 20, 1533, a delegation from France joined the British delegation for a funeral ceremony. Her daughter, Frances, was the main minister, accompanied by her husband and siblings. Mary's husband and his brother were absent.
The funeral procession included 100 torchbearers, priests carrying crosses, six horses pulling bodies, other nobles and 100 of yeuke the duke. The next day, attending mass and funeral in Bury St. Edmunds Abbey. After the death of Mary Tudor, her stepchildren, Anne and Mary, pushed themselves to the head of the funeral convoy shortly before the coffin was lowered down the St Edmundsbury Abbey, many of which frightened their half-siblings.
Stay
Five years later, when the monastery was dissolved, Mary's body was moved to St. Mary nearby, Bury St. Edmunds. In 1784, his body was disinterred, his coffin was opened, and his haircut was taken by Horace Walpole, the duchess of Portland, and several others.
Publish
Mary and Charles have four children, two daughters and two sons:
- Henry Brandon (March 11, 1516 - 1522)
- Lady Frances Brandon (July 16, 1517 - November 20, 1559), who married Henry Gray, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, and mother of Lady Jane Gray.
- Lady Eleanor Brandon (1519 - 27 September 1547), who married Henry Clifford, the 2nd Earl of Cumberland.
- Henry Brandon, 1 Earl of Lincoln (c 1523 - march 1534).
Mary and Charles bring up their children in their home in Westhorpe Hall. Their two sons, both named Henry, are often misunderstood as the same son. The two boys died when they were children.
Mary the widower later married their son (Henry Brandon, Earl of Lincoln) engaged, who is also his ward, 14-year-old Catherine Willoughby, with whom she has her two youngest sons.
Mary Tudor is the ancestor of Queen Elizabeth, Queen Mother, mother of Queen Elizabeth II of England.
In the literature
He is the main character in several historical fiction novels:
- When Knighthood Was in Flower , by Edwin Caskoden (pen name Charles Major) (1898), this novel is the material source for Davies and the Disney movie. li>
- The Reluctant Queen by Molly Costain Haycraft (1962)
- Mary, Queen of France by Jean Plaidy (1964)
- Princess of Desire by Maureen Peters (1970)
- Rose of England by Hilda Lewis (1977)
- Heart of a Rose by Hilda Lewis (1978)
- The Secret Bride by Diane Haeger (2008)
- The Last Boleyn by Karen Harper
- Three Sisters, Three Queens by Philippa Gregory (2016)
Ancestor
Note
References
- Goff, Cecilie (1930). Women of the Tudor Age . London: John Murray.
- Plowden, Alison (1986). Lady Jane Gray and House of Suffolk . Franklin Watts. ISBN: 0-531-15000-3.
- Perry, Maria (2000). Sisters Henry VIII: Margaret's Restive Life from Scotland and Mary from France . Da Capo Press. ISBN: 0-306-80989-3.
- Richardson, W.C. (1970). Mary Tudor: White Queen . Publisher Peter Owen. ISBNÃ, 0-7206-5206-5.
- Weir, Alison (2002). Henry VIII: King and Court . Pimlico. ISBNÃ, 0-7126-6451-3.
Further reading
- Chocolate, Mary Croom. Mary Tudor: French queen (1911) online
- Chapman, Hester W. (1969), The Thistle and the Rose: Sisters Henry VIII , New York: Coward, McGann & amp; Geoghegan, LCC 79-159754.
External links
- Short biography
- Mary Tudor Gallery
- learn about the famous tapestry representing Mary Tudor
- Drawings from the Festival Book of Engagement to Charles of Castile
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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